Diversity of ethnic and racial VNTR RFLP fixed-bin frequency distributions.

To examine the impact that intra- and interracial genetic diversities have on VNTR RFLP-fragment-size distributions, a multiracial (East Asian, African American, U.S. Southwest Hispanic, and European Caucasian) and multiethnic (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) database has been constructed for the following loci: D1S7, D2S44, D4S139, and D10S28. Homogeneity between samples was examined using the Komologorov-Smirnov two-sample test for RFLP fragment sizes and a log-likelihood test for fixed-bin frequencies with theoretical and Monte Carlo empirical significance levels. Small but significant differences between theoretical and empirical significance-level distributions were observed with both procedures, particularly with the latter. The significance levels of the two types of tests were poorly correlated. Statistically significant differences in fragment-size and fixed-bin distributions were found within and between races, with greater differences occurring between races. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis, using different similarity measures, did not support the hypothesis of greater intra- than interracial diversity, which suggests that ethnic variation can be conservatively estimated by racial variation.