ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1994
A genetically detoxified derivative of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin induces neutralizing antibodies against the A subunit.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Streptococcus mutans glutamate binding protein (GlnH) as antigen target for a mucosal anti-caries vaccine.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Article
- Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Article
- The Quest for an HIV-1 Vaccine Adjuvant: Bacterial Toxins as New Potential Platforms.Journal of clinical & cellular immunology · 2014Article
- Parenteral Adjuvant Effects of an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Natural Heat-Labile Toxin Variant.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Article
- The adjuvant LT-K63 can restore delayed maturation of follicular dendritic cells and poor persistence of both protein- and polysaccharide-specific antibody-secreting cells in neonatal mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Evaluation of the LTK63 adjuvant effect on cellular immune responses to measles virus nucleoprotein.African health sciences · 2011Article
- Characterization of a mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, LT(R192G/L211A), as a safe and effective oral adjuvant.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Functional diversity of heat-labile toxins (LT) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: differential enzymatic and immunological activities of LT1 (hLT) AND LT4 (pLT).The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Identification of an iron-sulfur cluster that modulates the enzymatic activity in NarE, a Neisseria meningitidis ADP-ribosyltransferase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
- Dendritic cell-targeting DNA-based mucosal adjuvants for the development of mucosal vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2009Review
- Nasal vaccination with the 40-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis and a nontoxic chimeric enterotoxin adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity with reduced levels of immunoglobulin E antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Cholera toxin, LT-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb: the critical role of ganglioside binding in immunomodulation by type I and type II heat-labile enterotoxins.Expert review of vaccines · 2007Review
- A second generation of double mutant cholera toxin adjuvants: enhanced immunity without intracellular trafficking.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2006Article
- The region comprising amino acids 100 to 255 of Neisseria meningitidis lipoprotein GNA 1870 elicits bactericidal antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Mucosal vaccination against serogroup B meningococci: induction of bactericidal antibodies and cellular immunity following intranasal immunization with NadA of Neisseria meningitidis and mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin mutant (LTK63) on the systemic immune responses to intranasally co-administered measles virus nucleoprotein. Part I: antibody responses.African health sciences · 2001Article
- Article
- New method to generate enzymatically deficient Clostridium difficile toxin B as an antigen for immunization.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT) and the homologous cholera toxin (CT) are A-B toxins that cause travelers' diarrhea and cholera, respectively. So far, experimental live and killed vaccines against these diseases have been developed using only the nontoxic B portion of these toxins. The enzymatically active A subunit has not been used because it is responsible for the toxicity and it is reported to induce a negligible titer of toxin neutralizing antibodies. We used site-directed mutagenesis to inactivate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the A subunit and obtained nontoxic derivatives of LT that elicited a good titer of neutralizing antibodies recognizing the A subunit. These LT mutants and equivalent mutants of CT may be used to improve live and killed vaccines against cholera and enterotoxinogenic E. coli.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.