ArticleClinical and experimental immunology1994
Encapsulation of Cryptococcus neoformans regulates fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process in human alveolar macrophages.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Pathogen Carbon Metabolism on Interactions With Host Immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- How Environmental Fungi Cause a Range of Clinical Outcomes in Susceptible Hosts.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Review
- Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release Induced by C. albicans Morphotypes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Macrophage mitochondrial and stress response to ingestion of Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Article
- Role of dendritic cell-pathogen interactions in the immune response to pulmonary cryptococcal infection.Future microbiology · 2015Review
- Virulence factors identified by Cryptococcus neoformans mutant screen differentially modulate lung immune responses and brain dissemination.The American journal of pathology · 2012Article
- Paradoxical roles of alveolar macrophages in the host response to Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2012Review
- Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 2 in the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by alveolar macrophages.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2011Article
- Robust Th1 and Th17 immunity supports pulmonary clearance but cannot prevent systemic dissemination of highly virulent Cryptococcus neoformans H99.The American journal of pathology · 2009Article
- Differential activation of peritoneal cells by subcutaneous treatment of rats with cryptococcal antigens.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Advances in applied microbiology · 2009Review
- A Candida albicans mannoprotein deprived of its mannan moiety is efficiently taken up and processed by human dendritic cells and induces T-cell activation without stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Atf2 transcription factor binds to the APP1 promoter in Cryptococcus neoformans: stimulatory effect of diacylglycerol.Eukaryotic cell · 2008Article
- Immune response and immunotherapy to Cryptococcus infections.Immunologic research · 2006Review
- Role of phagocytosis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.Eukaryotic cell · 2004Review
- Article
- Phenotypic switching of Cryptococcus neoformans occurs in vivo and influences the outcome of infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2001Article
- Interdependency of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in regulation of T-cell differentiation and effector function of monocytes in response to stimulation with Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Role of mannoprotein in induction and regulation of immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that unstimulated alveolar macrophages (AM) play a predominant role as antigen-presenting cells in Cryptococcus neoformans infections, while the function as effector cells seems to be of minor relevance. The present study focuses on the role of encapsulation of C. neoformans on fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process of AM. Fungicidal activity in unstimulated AM occurs to a higher degree when the acapsular strain is employed, but this is impaired compared with other natural effectors, such as peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Cryptococcus-laden AM also induce a higher proliferative response in autologous CD4+ lymphocytes when the acapsular strain is used compared with encapsulated yeast. The enhanced blastogenic response is, in part, ascribed to an augmented IL-2 production by T cells. In addition, higher levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not IL-4, are produced by the responding T cells, when the acapsular strain is used compared with the encapsulated yeast. Moreover, IFN-gamma is able to induce fungicidal activity in AM against the encapsulated yeast and augments killing activity of the acapsular strain. This phenomenon is not mediated by nitric oxide production, but is correlated with an enhancement of fungicidal activity of cytoplasmic cationic proteases. We speculate that encapsulation of C. neoformans could down-regulate the development of the immune response mediated by Cryptococcus-laden AM at lung level.
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