ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1994
Endogenous retinoid X receptors can function as hormone receptors in pituitary cells.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of thyroid hormone receptor active compounds using a quantitative high-throughput screening platform.Current chemical genomics and translational medicine · 2014Article
- A permissive retinoid X receptor/thyroid hormone receptor heterodimer allows stimulation of prolactin gene transcription by thyroid hormone and 9-cis-retinoic acid.Molecular and cellular biology · 2004Article
- Ligand-dependent degradation of retinoid X receptors does not require transcriptional activity or coactivator interactions.Molecular and cellular biology · 2001Article
- Cell-type-specific regulation of the retinoic acid receptor mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX.Molecular and cellular biology · 2000Article
- Retinoid X receptor mRNA expression in human pituitary gland.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2000Article
- Both retinoic-acid-receptor- and retinoid-X-receptor-dependent signalling pathways mediate the induction of the brown-adipose-tissue-uncoupling-protein-1 gene by retinoids.The Biochemical journal · 2000Article
- Metabolism to a response pathway selective retinoid ligand during axial pattern formation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1998Article
- Notch inhibition of E47 supports the existence of a novel signaling pathway.Molecular and cellular biology · 1998Article
- Inhibition of trans-retinoic acid-resistant human breast cancer cell growth by retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids.Molecular and cellular biology · 1997Article
- Retinoic acid blocks adipogenesis by inhibiting C/EBPbeta-mediated transcription.Molecular and cellular biology · 1997Article
- The transcriptional integrator CREB-binding protein mediates positive cross talk between nuclear hormone receptors and the hematopoietic bZip protein p45/NF-E2.Molecular and cellular biology · 1997Article
- Retinoid X receptor (RXR) within the RXR-retinoic acid receptor heterodimer binds its ligand and enhances retinoid-dependent gene expression.Molecular and cellular biology · 1997Article
- Retinoids increase human apolipoprotein A-11 expression through activation of the retinoid X receptor but not the retinoic acid receptor.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Distinct stages in adipogenesis revealed by retinoid inhibition of differentiation after induction of PPARgamma.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Cross-talk between thyroid hormone and specific retinoid X receptor subtypes in yeast selectively regulates cognate ligand actions.Gene expression · 1996Article
- Functional regulation of thyroid hormone receptor variant TR alpha 2 by phosphorylation.Molecular and cellular biology · 1995Article
- DNA bending by thyroid hormone receptor: influence of half-site spacing and RXR.Nucleic acids research · 1995Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retinoids regulate gene transcription by interacting with both retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Since unliganded RXRs can act as heterodimerization partners for RARs and other nuclear hormone receptors, it is unclear whether ligand binding by RXRs actually regulates the expression of naturally occurring genes. To address this issue, we synthesized the RXR-selective retinoid SR11237 and confirmed its specificity in transient transfection and proteolytic susceptibility assays before using it to assess the contribution of ligand-activated RXRs to retinoid action. Unlike RAR ligands, SR11237 did not increase endogenous RAR beta mRNA levels in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, even though it activated transcription of an RXR-responsive reporter gene in these cells. Thus, it is likely that RARs mediate the induction of RAR beta gene expression by RA. In contrast, the RXR-specific ligand induced rat growth hormone mRNA in GH3 pituitary cells, indicating that the effects of RA on growth hormone gene expression at least in part involve ligand binding to endogenous RXRs in vivo. Our results indicate that in addition to serving as cofactors for other nuclear hormone receptors, endogenous RXRs can function as ligand-dependent regulators of gene expression, i.e., classical nuclear hormone receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.