ArticleInfection and immunity1994
Survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in macrophages.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptations in electron transport chain complexes of clinical Rhodococcus equi revealed through comparative genomics.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Reassessment of extracellular and intracellular activity of macrolides, rifampicin, and doxycycline againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Multi-host distribution of Rhodococcus equi (Prescottella equi) strains and their phylogenomic clustering.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Enteral immunization with live bacteria reprograms innate immune cells and protects neonatal foals from pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
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- Blood parameters in neonatal foal and colostrum quality as possible early markers for increased risk of developingFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator VirR Responds to Temperature and pH and Directly Activates the Transcription ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- IntratumorCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and FcγRIII onInfection and immunity · 2024Article
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- Comparative bactericidal activity of four macrolides alone and combined with rifampicin or doxycycline againstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
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- Antimicrobial susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from foals in Chile.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
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- The type of anticoagulant used for plasma collection affects in vitro Rhodococcus equi assays.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Identification of genes required for the fitness of Rhodococcus equi during the infection of mice via signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages that can cause serious pneumonia in both young horses and immunocompromised people. Essential to understanding rhodococcus pathogenesis is a quantitative documentation of the intracellular events that follow macrophage phagocytosis of the organism. By using a bacterial immunofluorescence staining assay, we verified the intracellular survival and replicative potential of R. equi in both murine peritoneal macrophages and equine alveolar macrophages in vitro. Following an initial lag period of 6 to 12 h, the intracellular numbers of R. equi begin to rise, often reaching macrophage-compromising levels by 48 h. A quantitative determination of bacterial growth by a novel image analysis cytometry technique confirmed our fluorescence microscopic results. By 48 h postinfection, bacterial numbers had increased by more than fivefold, and the majority of infected macrophages in the monolayer contained 10 or more bacteria per cell. The intracellular organisms were viable, as evidenced by the ability to incorporate radiolabeled uracil. The use of these techniques has identified differences in the in vitro replicative capacities of a virulent strain and an avirulent strain of R. equi. A clinical isolate of R. equi expressing a 17-kDa virulence-associated plasmid-encoded antigen was able to survive and replicate within macrophages, whereas an avirulent, non-plasmid-containing strain replicated poorly. These results suggest that plasmid-encoded bacterial virulence factors may contribute to the ability of R. equi to replicate within its host cell, the macrophage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.