ReviewCancer metastasis reviews1994
Drug and radiation resistance in spheroids: cell contact and kinetics.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microenvironment Rheology Modulates the Effect of the Anticancer Peptide CIGB300 on 3D Head and Neck Tumoroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Engineered Cell Microenvironments: A Benchmark Tool for Radiobiology.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Assessing the distribution of cancer stem cells in tumorspheres.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Applications and Advances of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids: Challenges in Their Development and Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mitoxantrone and Mitoxantrone-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Spheroids.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- p‑STAT3 influences doxorubicin and etoposide resistance of A549 cells grown in anOncology reports · 2023Article
- Use of 3D Spheroid Models for the Assessment of RT Response in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Comparison of Radiation Response between 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models of Different Human Cancer Cell Lines.Cells · 2023Article
- Novel Liposomal Formulation of Baicalein for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Accumulation and penetration behavior of hypericin in glioma tumor spheroids studied by fluorescence microscopy and confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma Drug Resistance Models.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Caffeic Acid, Quercetin and 5-Fluorocytidine-Functionalized Au-FeNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Novel methods for in vitro modeling of pancreatic cancer reveal important aspects for successful primary cell culture.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- L-Glucose: Another Path to Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2020Review
- Dissecting multi drug resistance in head and neck cancer cells using multicellular tumor spheroids.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- On-chip combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy testing on soft-tissue sarcoma spheroids to study cell death using flow cytometry and clonogenic assay.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- STAT3 is activated in multicellular spheroids of colon carcinoma cells and mediates expression of IRF9 and interferon stimulated genes.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Targeting tumor multicellular aggregation through IGPR-1 inhibits colon cancer growth and improves chemotherapy.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- Modeling tumor cell adaptations to hypoxia in multicellular tumor spheroids.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2017Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cells from multicellular spheroids are often more resistant than monolayers to drugs and radiation. While explanations for resistance can be based on differences in cell cycle distribution, inability of the drug to penetrate the spheroid, or the presence of hypoxic cells, these mechanisms do not adequately explain resistance to all agents. Small spheroids (containing about 25-50 cells) exposed to ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, or topoisomerase II inhibitors, are more resistant to killing than monolayers; the close three-dimensional contact in spheroids has been implicated in this resistance. Proposed mechanisms for the 'contact effect' include gap junctional 'reciprocity', cell shape mediated changes in (repair-related) gene expression, and alterations in chromatin packaging which influence DNA repair. The consequences of the contact effect are especially important for multifraction exposures. Another form of resistance can be demonstrated during repetitive treatments; 'regrowth resistance' reflects the capacity of spheroid cells to proliferate more efficiently to compensate for cell killing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.