ReviewClinical microbiology reviews1994
Molecular adjuvants and immunomodulators: new approaches to immunization.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Investigating the Efficiency of Recombinant FliC-LoadedIranian journal of public health · 2021Article
- Mucosal Vaccination via the Respiratory Tract.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Silencing SOCS1 via Liposome-Packed siRNA Sustains TLR4-Ligand Adjuvant.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.International immunopharmacology · 2018Review
- Immunogenicity evaluation of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Intratumoral delivery of low doses of anti-CD40 mAb combined with monophosphoryl lipid a induces local and systemic antitumor effects in immunocompetent and T cell-deficient mice.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2013Article
- Toxoplasma gondii HLA-B*0702-restricted GRA7(20-28) peptide with adjuvants and a universal helper T cell epitope elicits CD8(+) T cells producing interferon-γ and reduces parasite burden in HLA-B*0702 mice.Human immunology · 2012Article
- TLR-based immune adjuvants.Vaccine · 2011Review
- Synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonists stimulate innate resistance to infectious challenge.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Periplasmic cleavage and modification of the 1-phosphate group of Helicobacter pylori lipid A.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2004Article
- Coccidioidomycosis: host response and vaccine development.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2004Review
- SecA2-dependent secretion of autolytic enzymes promotes Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
- Carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody responses to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
- Beryllium, an adjuvant that promotes gamma interferon production.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
- Immunogenicity of outer membrane proteins in a lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutant of Neisseria meningitidis: influence of adjuvants on the immune response.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Bacteria, molds, and toxins in water-damaged building materials.Applied and environmental microbiology · 1997Article
- [Mumps vaccines: virological basis].Sozial- und Praventivmedizin · 1995Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epitopes on microbial antigens responsible for protective immunity have begun to be identified and isolated, and their chemical structures have been determined. Ensuing knowledge of their weak immunizing capacity per se has led to an appreciation of the need for adjuvants to increase the immunogenicity of these low-molecular-weight synthetic structures. As such, a recent surge in adjuvant research has emerged. Accordingly, this review will highlight a number of those adjuvant substances whose activity in animals indicates a potential use in human vaccines. In addition, the potential of several well-defined substances, termed immunomodulators, which nonspecifically stimulate resistance of animals to multiple 50% lethal doses of microbial challenge is described. Among the most extensively characterized adjuvants of microbial origin discussed in detail are (i) the lipopolysaccharides isolated from gram-negative bacteria and their nontoxic analogs, (ii) the synthetic muramyl dipeptides and their multiple analogs, and (iii) the synthetic polyribonucleotide complexes, mimicking the interferon-inducing capacity of viruses. Discussed also are the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, the nonionic block copolymers, the saponins, a quinolamine derivative, and the hormone dihydroepiandrosterone.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.