ReviewImmunology today1994
The CDR1 sequences of a major proportion of human germline Ig VH genes are inherently susceptible to amino acid replacement.
Review in Immunology today, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 405 citations in OpenAlex.
- Constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
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- Activation and maturation of antigen-specific B cells in nonectopic lung infiltrates are independent of germinal center reactions in the draining lymph node.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Pediatric B cell repertoires are enriched for naive clonal phenotypes and are shaped by distinct selection dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- LUBAC Suppresses IL-21-Induced Apoptosis in CD40-Activated Murine B Cells and Promotes Germinal Center B Cell Survival and the T-Dependent Antibody Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Grade I, II and III Follicular Lymphomas Express Ig VPathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Human C. difficile toxin-specific memory B cell repertoires encode poorly neutralizing antibodies.JCI insight · 2020Article
- AID Overlapping and Polη Hotspots Are Key Features of Evolutionary Variation Within the Human Antibody Heavy Chain (IGHV) Genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Phenotypic and Ig Repertoire Analyses Indicate a Common Origin of IgDJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Inferred Allelic Variants of Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes: A System for Their Evaluation, Documentation, and Naming.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Origin of biomolecular games: deception and molecular evolution.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2018Article
- Immunoglobulin gene analysis as a tool for investigating human immune responses.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
- Beyond Hot Spots: Biases in Antibody Somatic Hypermutation and Implications for Vaccine Design.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Accurate immune repertoire sequencing reveals malaria infection driven antibody lineage diversification in young children.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Different Somatic Hypermutation Levels among Antibody Subclasses Disclosed by a New Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Antibody Repertoire Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Genomic variation in the porcine immunoglobulin lambda variable region.Immunogenetics · 2016Article
- Functional Versatility of AGY Serine Codons in Immunoglobulin Variable Region Genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The variable (V) genes of antigen-selected antibodies are known to exhibit a higher frequency of amino acid replacement mutations in the sequences encoding the antigen-contacting complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) than in those encoding the 'structural' framework regions (FRs). Here, Bernard Chang and Paolo Casali analyse the impact of regional differences in the codon composition of human germline Ig VH and VL genes on regional differences in the frequency of replacement mutations in the gene products (i.e. the antigen-binding sites of antibody molecules). This analysis reveals that CDR and FR sequences can differ significantly in their inherent susceptibility to amino acid replacement given any single nucleotide change. Thus, the CDR sequences of all the Ig VH genes analysed comprise a higher frequency of codons susceptible to replacement mutations than would be expected for a random sequence. Conversely, the FR sequences comprise codons less susceptible to replacement mutations than expected. Random accumulation of nucleotide changes throughout the coding sequence of an Ig V-gene segment containing CDRs inherently more prone to replacement mutations than the respective FRs would inevitably yield a higher rate of amino acid replacements in the CDRs than in the FRs. This would provide a fertile structural substrate of hypervariability for antigen selection while still maintaining the structural integrity of the FRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.