ArticleInfection and immunity1995
Effect of experimental influenza A virus infection on isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other aerobic bacteria from the oropharynges of allergic and nonallergic adult subjects.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptoms associated with influenza vaccination and experimental human pneumococcal colonisation of the nasopharynx.Vaccine · 2020Trial
- Two Randomized Trials of the Effect of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Pneumococcal Colonization.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Trial
- A mouse model of lung cancer induced via intranasal injection for anticancer drug screening and evaluation of pathology.FEBS open bio · 2023Article
- Pneumonia in the presentation of Kawasaki disease: The syndrome or a sequence of two diseases?Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Infection with different human influenza A subtypes affects the period of susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in ferrets.FEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in the Middle Ear of Deceased COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Murine Model for Enhancement of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenicity upon Viral Infection and Advanced Age.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Compartmental Model Suggests Importance of Innate Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection in Rhesus Macaques.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Direct interactions with influenza promote bacterial adherence during respiratory infections.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Interaction between the nasal microbiota and S. pneumoniae in the context of live-attenuated influenza vaccine.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The effect of passive smoking on bacterial colonisation of the upper airways and selected laboratory parameters in children.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2018Article
- Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Pneumococcal Neuraminidase A (NanA) Promotes Biofilm Formation and Synergizes with Influenza A Virus in Nasal Colonization and Middle Ear Infection.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Secondary Bacterial Infections Associated with Influenza Pandemics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- The role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bacterial pneumonia: An ecological perspective.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2016Review
- Influenza A virus alters pneumococcal nasal colonization and middle ear infection independently of phase variation.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Cohort profile: The study of respiratory pathogens in Andean children.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
- Influenza promotes pneumococcal growth during coinfection by providing host sialylated substrates as a nutrient source.Cell host & microbe · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal challenge with both influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae promotes otitis media with S. pneumoniae in chinchillas. We investigated whether influenza A virus infection promotes oropharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae and other middle ear pathogens by selectively inhibiting commensal bacteria. On study day 0, 12 allergic and 15 nonallergic adult subjects were intranasally inoculated with influenza A/Kawasaki (H1N1) virus. Every subject was infected with the virus as demonstrated by nasal shedding or seroconversion. Average upper respiratory symptom scores and nasal secretion weights from the entire subject group were elevated between days 2 and 6 (acute phase) and were not significantly different between allergic and nonallergic subjects. S. pneumoniae was not isolated from any subject prior to the virus challenge but was isolated in heavy density from 4 (15%) subjects on day 6 (P = 0.055). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated more frequently from the nonallergic subjects than from the allergic subjects on days 2 (80 versus 25%, respectively) 4, (67 versus 17%, respectively), and 6 (73 versus 25%, respectively) (P < 0.05). The isolation rates of other middle ear pathogens were not significantly different before virus challenge and during the acute and resolution phases (days 27 to 30) of the experimental infection for the entire subject group or either the allergic or nonallergic subgroup. Densities and isolation rates of commensal bacteria from the entire subject group were similar throughout the observational period. These results suggest that the virus infection promoted S. pneumoniae colonization of the oropharynx and that nonallergic persons may be more vulnerable to colonization with S. aureus than allergic persons. The altered colonization rates were not attributed to inhibition of commensal bacteria.
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