ArticleClinical and experimental immunology1995
Antibodies to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan are ubiquitous in serum from HIV+ and HIV- individuals.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2007Trial
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective.Virulence · 2025Review
- Peripheral blood CD4The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages infected with active and dormantInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Card9 Broadly Regulates Host Immunity against Experimental PulmonaryJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Shared and unique antibody and B cell profiles in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.Medical mycology · 2023Article
- Vaccination with aInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Association of Antibody Immunity With Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Mortality in a South African Cohort With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Host populations, challenges, and commercialization of cryptococcal vaccines.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of Disease-Associated Cryptococcal Proteins Reactive With Serum IgG From Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Unique subsite specificity and potential natural function of a chitosan deacetylase from the human pathogenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Antibody immunity and natural resistance to cryptococcosis.Current tropical medicine reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Resistance and Tolerance to Cryptococcal Infection: An Intricate Balance That Controls the Development of Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Patients With Advanced Immunosuppression and Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Immunology of Cryptococcal Infections: Developing a Rational Approach to Patient Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Murine MoAbs to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) polysaccharide are protective in mice in vivo and in vitro. The prevalence of protective anti-GXM antibodies in human serum is unknown. To provide further insight into the human antibody response to C. neoformans we determined the prevalence, isotype, and IgG subclass utilization of human anti-GXM antibodies in HIV+ and HIV- sera by a sensitive antigen capture FLISA assay. One hundred and twenty-three sera from the Bronx Municipal Hospital Centre serum bank were studied retrospectively. Seventy were from HIV+ individuals, 10 with a history of cryptococcal meningitis (CM), and 53 were from HIV- individuals. Serum GXM determinations were also performed on 61 HIV+ sera. Our results demonstrated that anti-GXM IgG, IgA, and IgM are ubiquitous in both HIV+ (including those with CM), and HIV- sera. Anti-GXM IgA titres and total serum IgA concentration were elevated in HIV+ sera. Anti-GXM IgG antibodies were almost exclusively isotype-restricted to the IgG2 subclass. Our data also demonstrated elevations of anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) titres in HIV+ sera. Taken together, our findings confirm hypergammaglobulinaemia and expansion of anti-protein (BSA) antibodies in HIV+ individuals and isotype restriction of human anti-carbohydrate (GXM) antibodies to the IgG2 subclass. Our report of ubiquitous anti-GXM antibodies of the IgG and IgA isotypes suggests that anti-GXM antibodies exist before HIV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.