ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1995
Evidence that carcinogenesis involves an imbalance between epigenetic high-frequency initiation and suppression of promotion.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Competitive cell transplantation in rat mammary tissue and its use for radiation-induced cell competition and tumor clonality assays.Journal of radiation research · 2026Article
- A hypothesis: radiation carcinogenesis may result from tissue injuries and subsequent recovery processes which can act as tumor promoters and lead to an earlier onset of cancer.The British journal of radiology · 2020Review
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Their Relevance to Radiation Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- New biological insights on the link between radiation exposure and breast cancer risk.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2013Review
- Mg ATP and antioxidants augment the radioprotective effect of surfactant copolymers.Health physics · 2011Article
- Environmental exposures and mammary gland development: state of the science, public health implications, and research recommendations.Environmental health perspectives · 2011Review
- New highlights on stroma-epithelial interactions in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2005Review
- Epigenetics and breast cancer.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2001Review
- It takes a tissue to make a tumor: epigenetics, cancer and the microenvironment.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2001Review
- Effect of oxidative DNA damage in promoter elements on transcription factor binding.Nucleic acids research · 1999Article
- The potential influence of radiation-induced microenvironments in neoplastic progression.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 1998Review
- Neoplastic development: paradoxical relation between impaired cell growth at low population density and excessive growth at high density.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1995Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that cancer development depends on an imbalance between highly frequent epigenetic initiation and suppression of promotion of the initiated cells. When irradiated clonogenic mammary epithelial cells are transplanted and hormonally stimulated, they give rise to clonal glandular structures within which carcinomas may arise. In the current study, the cancer incidence in grafts of approximately 13 7-Gy-irradiated clonogens per site indicated that at least 1 of approximately 95 clonogens was radiogenically initiated. A similar initiation frequency had been seen in grafts of approximately 5 methylnitrosourea (MNU)-treated clonogens. Such initiation is thus far more frequent than specific locus mutations. In sites grafted with larger cell inocula, cancer incidences per clonogen were suppressed inversely as the numbers of irradiated or MNU-treated clonogens per graft increased. Addition of unirradiated cells to small irradiated graft inocula also suppressed progression. Radiation and MNU thus produce quantitatively, and perhaps qualitatively, similar carcinogenesis-related sequelae in mammary clonogens.
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