ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)1994
Exercise and the immune system. Natural killer cells, interleukins and related responses.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The acute effect of sprint interval training on the immune system: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory Status in Trained and Untrained Mice at Different Pollution Levels.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Immunological Response to Exercise in Athletes with Disabilities: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Viral-Infected Change of the Digestive Tract Microbiota Associated With Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Compression garments to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness in soccer players.Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal · 2013Article
- Changes in natural killer cell subpopulations over a winter training season in elite swimmers.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Article
- Brief Exercise Increases Peripheral Blood NK Cell Counts without Immediate Functional Changes, but Impairs their Responses to ex vivo Stimulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Reduced peripheral vascular reactivity in refractory angina pectoris: Effect of enhanced external counterpulsation.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2011Article
- The effect of Oligonol intake on cortisol and related cytokines in healthy young men.Nutrition research and practice · 2010Article
- Risk of hepatitis B infections in Olympic wrestling.British journal of sports medicine · 2007Article
- Exercise and functional foods.Nutrition journal · 2006Review
- Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo, in exercise and in immunodepression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2003Review
- Prevalence and mechanisms of development of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness in athletes.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2001Review
- Immunological response in chronic fatigue syndrome following a graded exercise test to exhaustion.Journal of clinical immunology · 1999Article
- Effects of submaximal cycling and long-term endurance training on neutrophil phagocytic activity in middle aged men.British journal of sports medicine · 1996Article
- Flow cytometry. Principles and applications in exercise immunology.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 1995Review
- The effect on immunity of long-term intensive training in elite swimmers.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1995Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main methods for the evaluation of natural killer (NK, CD16+ CD56+) cells, interleukins and related subsets of lymphocytes are briefly described. Moderate endurance exercise causes either no change or an increase in lymphocyte and NK cell counts, total T cell (CD3+) count, the ratio of T helper (CD3+ CD4+) to T suppressor (CD3+ CD8+) cells, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, serum immunoglobulin levels and in vitro immunoglobulin production. Plasma levels of interleukin-1 increase but interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels generally fall. Decreases in plasma IL-2 levels reflect increased expression of beta (CD122) receptors for IL-2, and thus increased binding of IL-2, changes in cell distribution or a lesser production of IL-2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exercise to exhaustion induces adverse changes in many of these indices of immune function, particularly if the physical activity is accompanied by psychological or environmental stress. Moderate, appropriately graded training reduces the adverse reactions initially associated with a given bout of exhausting exercise, and cross-sectional comparisons show an increased expression of beta IL-2 receptors on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of trained individuals. However, excessive training, nutrient deficiency and/or muscle damage has adverse consequences for both the production of interleukins and the response of the immune system to these cytokines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.