ArticleImmunology1994
Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Article in Immunology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04152980 (Pentoxifylline Dose Optimization in Preterm Neonatal Late Onset Sepsis), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pentoxifylline Dose Optimization in Preterm Neonatal Late Onset Sepsis
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pentoxifylline adjunct to risperidone for negative symptoms of stable schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Pentoxifylline effects on hospitalized patients with COVID19: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of combining pentoxiphylline and vitamin E versus vitamin E alone in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis- A randomized pilot study.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- Comparative clinical study between the effect of fenofibrate alone and its combination with pentoxifylline on biochemical parameters and liver stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology international · 2015Trial
- Oxpentifylline versus placebo in the treatment of erythropoietin-resistant anaemia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2008Trial
- Randomized, placebo controlled study of the effect of propentofylline on survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis.Journal of veterinary internal medicineTrial
- Thymoquinone and pentoxifylline modulate 5-fluorouracil-induced senescence and apoptosis in colorectal cancer spheroids.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Triple-emulsion microfluidic Core-Shell hydrogel microcapsules for oral pentoxifylline Delivery: Ameliorating colitis and rebalancing gut microbiome.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Premature ovarian insufficiency restoration after chemotherapy: current achievements and future prospects on its treatment or management.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Outcomes of a Pharmacological Protocol with Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol for the Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ): A Randomized Study on 202 Osteoporosis Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The impact of sarcopenia on the outcome of patients with left-sided colon and rectal cancer after curative surgery.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Introducing heart rate variability monitoring combined with biomarker screening into a level IV NICU: a prospective implementation study.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Mechanism of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Knowledge gaps in late-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates: a roadmap for future research.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Brief research report: Repurposing pentoxifylline to treat intense acute swimming-Induced delayed-onset muscle soreness in mice: Targeting peripheral and spinal cord nociceptive mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Protocol: Pentoxifylline optimal dose finding trial in preterm neonates with suspected late onset sepsis (PTX-trial).BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinase-8, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-A in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Adolescent Patients.Iranian journal of public health · 2021Article
- Vaginal necrosis: A rare late toxicity after radiation therapy.Gynecologic oncology · 2021Review
- Stratified Management for Bacterial Infections in Late Preterm and Term Neonates: Current Strategies and Future Opportunities Toward Precision Medicine.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine compound known to inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is an important inflammatory mediator. There is also recent evidence that PTX may influence other inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. Due to the therapeutic implications, the present study addressed the in vivo effects of PTX on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When PBMC were obtained from healthy volunteers ingesting 5 x 400 mg PTX orally for 2 days, the ability of PBMC cultured for 24 hr to release TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was not affected. However, when PBMC were obtained from the same individuals 5 days after PTX had been stopped, the release of all four cytokines was significantly suppressed. This effect appeared to be exerted at the transcriptional level, since Northern blot analysis revealed reduced cytokine transcripts. In order to gain more insight into the effect of PTX on cytokine release, PBMC were obtained from normal volunteers, either stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or left unstimulated, and subsequently incubated in vitro with PTX for 48 hr. Under these conditions, only TNF-alpha was found to be reduced by PTX, while IL-1 beta and IL-8 were not affected, IL-6 was even enhanced. However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
7835945PMC1414954W2229802783What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.