ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1994
Traction forces generated by locomoting keratocytes.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers.
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Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring cellular force using DNA-based tension probes: from ensemble to single-molecule studies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Diversity in emergent cell locomotion from the coupling cytosolic and cortical Marangoni flows with reaction-diffusion dynamics.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Statistical and mechanical analysis of multi-pseudopodial locomotion in a testate amoeba, Arcella sp.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2026Article
- An Open-source Python Tool for Traction Force Microscopy on Micropatterned Substrates.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- Cellular and Nuclear Forces: An Overview.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Inferring cellular contractile forces and work using deep morphology traction microscopy.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Quantifying local stiffness and forces in soft biological tissues using droplet optical microcavities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Perspectives on Principles of Cellular Behavior from the Biophysics of Protists.Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Review
- Bayesian traction force estimation using cell boundary-dependent force priors.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Electrochemical DNA-based sensors for measuring cell-generated forces.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Imaging cellular forces with photonic crystals.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Detection of cellular traction forces via the force-triggered Cas12a-mediated catalytic cleavage of a fluorogenic reporter strand.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Optimal cell traction forces in a generalized motor-clutch model.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Mechanosensitive traction force generation is regulated by the neutrophil activation state.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tracking Mechanical Stress and Cell Migration with Inexpensive Polymer Thin-Film Sensors.Advanced materials interfaces · 2023Article
- Review
- Nanoscale Tracking Combined with Cell-Scale Microrheology Reveals Stepwise Increases in Force Generated by Cancer Cell Protrusions.Nano letters · 2022Article
- Biocompatible micro tweezers for 3D hydrogel organoid array mechanical characterization.PloS one · 2022Article
- Subcellular Force Quantification of Endothelial Cells Using Silicone Pillar Arrays.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traction forces produced by moving fibroblasts have been observed as distortions in flexible substrata including wrinkling of thin, silicone rubber films. Traction forces generated by fibroblast lamellae were thought to represent the forces required to move the cell forwards. However, traction forces could not be detected with faster moving cell types such as leukocytes and growth cones (Harris, A. K., D. Stopak, and P. Wild. 1981. Nature (Lond.). 290:249-251). We have developed a new assay in which traction forces produced by rapidly locomoting fish keratocytes can be detected by the two-dimensional displacements of small beads embedded in the plane of an elastic substratum. Traction forces were not detected at the rapidly extending front edge of the cell. Instead the largest traction forces were exerted perpendicular to the left and right cell margins. The maximum traction forces exerted by keratocytes were estimated to be approximately 2 x 10(-8) N. The pattern of traction forces can be related to the locomotion of a single keratocyte in terms of lamellar contractility and area of close cell-substratum contact.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.