ArticleImmunogenetics1995
Evolution of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes: a VH family can last for 150-200 million years or longer.
Article in Immunogenetics, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Quest for Antibodies and Other Acquired Immune Receptors: A Historical Perspective.International journal of immunogenetics · 2025Review
- Mystifying Molecular Structure, Expression and Repertoire Diversity of IgM Heavy Chain Genes (Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Genome complexity in the coelacanth is reflected in its adaptive immune system.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2014Article
- The whole-organism heavy chain B cell repertoire from Zebrafish self-organizes into distinct network features.BMC systems biology · 2011Article
- Two new Ig VH gene families in Oncorhynchus mykiss.Immunogenetics · 2006Article
- "A Japanese gentleman of the Samurai tradition": Takeshi Matsunaga 1945-2003.Immunogenetics · 2003Article
- Organization of human and mouse skeletal myosin heavy chain gene clusters is highly conserved.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1999Article
- Unified nomenclature of Ig VH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of eleven VH families.Immunogenetics · 1996Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) genes are present in the vertebrate genome and provide a basis for antibody diversity. IgV genes have been classified into distinct families according to DNA sequence similarity. Comparisons of VH and VL genes from two mammalian species (mouse and human) have led to the conclusion that some V gene families are stable over 65 million years of evolution. Here we show that a VH family can be stable for 150-200 million years or longer. This conclusion is drawn from our extensive comparison of VH genes between two species of low vertebrates (rainbow trout and catfish), and from the estimation of species divergence time by the substitution rate of an IgM constant domain. The estimated speed of VH gene evolution explains the moderate degree of sequence similarity in VH gene families between a mammal (mouse) and a teleost (rainbow trout). The distribution of species-specific amino acid residues in certain VH families indicates that the process of sequence homogenization plays a major role in shaping the V gene family.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.