ArticleJournal of virology1995
Efficiency of reinitiation of translation on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mRNAs is determined by the length of the upstream open reading frame and by intercistronic distance.
Article in Journal of virology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR-Cas9-mediated uATG introduction in the 5'UTR of the Uox gene for hyperuricemia mouse models: implications for gout and metabolic disorders.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Targeted BDNF upregulation via upstream open reading frame disruption.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Mapping SET1B chromatin interactions with DamID using DamMapper, a comprehensive Snakemake workflow.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- RNA elements and their biotechnological applications in plants.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Eukaryotic mRNA Coding Potential.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Identification of a minimal strong translation enhancer within the 5'-untranslated region ofPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Different germline variants in the XPA gene are associated with severe, intermediate, or mild neurodegeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum patients.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Tiny but mighty: Diverse functions of uORFs that regulate gene expression.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- Human EWS-FLI protein levels and neomorphic functions show a complex, function-specific dose-response relationship inOpen biology · 2024Article
- Host-like RNA Elements Regulate Virus Translation.Viruses · 2024Review
- The integrated stress response effector GADD34 is repurposed by neurons to promote stimulus-induced translation.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The Roles of eIF4G2 in Leaky Scanning and Reinitiation on the Human Dual-Coding POLG mRNA.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Surviving and Adapting to Stress: Translational Control and the Integrated Stress Response.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2023Review
- Principles, mechanisms, and biological implications of translation termination-reinitiation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Translational regulation by uORFs and start codon selection stringency.Genes & development · 2023Review
- The new uORFdb: integrating literature, sequence, and variation data in a central hub for uORF research.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Translational buffering by ribosome stalling in upstream open reading frames.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Upstream open reading frames control PLK4 translation and centriole duplication in primordial germ cells.Genes & development · 2022Article
- Short 5' Untranslated Region Enables Optimal Translation of Plant Virus Tricistronic RNA via Leaky Scanning.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Evolutionarily conserved inhibitory uORFs sensitizeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, we examined the mechanism of translation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat mRNA in eucaryotic cells. This mRNA contains the tat open reading frame (ORF), followed by rev and nef ORFs, but only the first ORF, encoding tat, is efficiently translated. Introduction of premature stop codons in the tat ORF resulted in efficient translation of the downstream rev ORF. We show that the degree of inhibition of translation of rev is proportional to the length of the upstream tat ORF. An upstream ORF spanning 84 nucleotides was predicted to inhibit 50% of the ribosomes from initiating translation at downstream AUGs. Interestingly, the distance between the upstream ORF and the start codon of the second ORF also played a role in efficiency of downstream translation initiation. It remains to be investigated if these conclusions relate to translation of mRNAs other than human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mRNAs. The strong inhibition of rev translation exerted by the presence of the tat ORF may reflect the different roles of Tat and Rev in the viral life cycle. Tat acts early to induce high production of all viral mRNAs. Rev induces a switch from the early to the late phase of the viral life cycle, resulting in production of viral structural proteins and virions. Premature Rev production may result in entrance into the late phase in the presence of suboptimal levels of viral mRNAs coding for structural proteins, resulting in inefficient virus production.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.