ArticleInfection and immunity1995
Construction of nontoxic derivatives of cholera toxin and characterization of the immunological response against the A subunit.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal vaccine efficacy against intrarectal SHIV is independent of anti-Env antibody response.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Development of Safe and Non-Self-Immunogenic Mucosal Adjuvant by Recombinant Fusion of Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit with Protein Transduction Domain.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Progress towards a needle-free hepatitis B vaccine.Pharmaceutical research · 2011Review
- Heat-labile enterotoxins as adjuvants or anti-inflammatory agents.Immunological investigations · 2010Review
- Dendritic cell-targeting DNA-based mucosal adjuvants for the development of mucosal vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2009Review
- Cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, but not their nontoxic counterparts, improve the antigen-presenting cell function of human B lymphocytes.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Nasal vaccination with the 40-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis and a nontoxic chimeric enterotoxin adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity with reduced levels of immunoglobulin E antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Induction of cell signaling events by the cholera toxin B subunit in antigen-presenting cells.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- A second generation of double mutant cholera toxin adjuvants: enhanced immunity without intracellular trafficking.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2006Article
- NALT- versus Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2004Review
- Cholera toxin toxicity does not require functional Arf6- and dynamin-dependent endocytic pathways.Molecular biology of the cell · 2004Article
- Probing the endocytic pathway in live cells using dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation analysis.Biophysical journal · 2002Article
- Antipeptide antibody responses following intranasal immunization: effectiveness of mucosal adjuvants.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
- Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines with nontoxic mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins as adjuvants protects mice against invasive pneumococcal infections.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvant activity of the recombinant A subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.Immunology · 1999Article
- Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines protects mice against invasive pneumococcal infections.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Effects of site-directed mutagenesis of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and interaction with ADP-ribosylation factors.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- KDEL receptor (Erd2p)-mediated retrograde transport of the cholera toxin A subunit from the Golgi involves COPI, p23, and the COOH terminus of Erd2p.The Journal of cell biology · 1998Article
- Mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of LTR72, a novel mutant of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with partial knockout of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1998Article
- Murine antibody responses to the verotoxin 1 B subunit: demonstration of major histocompatibility complex dependence and an immunodominant epitope involving phenylalanine 30.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using computer modelling, we have identified some of the residues of the A subunit of cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile toxin that are involved in NAD binding, catalysis, and toxicity. Here we describe the site-directed mutagenesis of the CT gene and the construction of CT mutants. Nine mutations of the A subunit gene were generated. Six of them encoded proteins that were fully assembled in the AB5 structure and were nontoxic; these proteins were CT-D53 (Val-53-->Asp), CT-K63 (Ser-63-->Lys), CT-K97 (Val-97-->Lys), CT-K104 (Tyr-104-->Lys), CT-S106 (Pro-106-->Ser), and the double mutant CT-D53/K63 (Val-53-->Asp, Ser-63-->Lys). Two of the mutations encoded proteins that were assembled into the AB5 structure but were still toxic; these proteins were CT-H54 (Arg-54-->His) and CT-N107 (His-107-->Asn). Finally, one of the mutant proteins, CT-E114 (Ser-114-->Glu), was unable to assemble the A and the B subunits and produced only the B oligomer. The six nontoxic mutants were purified from the culture supernatants of recombinant Vibrio cholerae strains and further characterized. The CT-K63 mutant, which was the most efficient in assembly of the AB5 structure, was used to immunize rabbits and was shown to be able to induce neutralizing antibodies against both the A and B subunits. This molecule may be useful for the construction of improved vaccines against cholera.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.