ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1995
The substantia nigra is a major target for neurovirulent influenza A virus.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of infection on risk of Parkinson's disease: a quantitative assessment of case-control and cohort studies.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Pooled it
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of anti-VZV IgG levels on Parkinson's disease risk and progression: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- The neuropathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in mammalian species including humans.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- Advances in viral encephalitis: Viral transmission, host immunity, and experimental animal models.Zoological research · 2023Review
- Article
- Adamantanes for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the presence of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and neurodegenerative diseases: what we know and what we don't.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Viruses, parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: the past, present and future.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Interact with Alpha Synuclein and Induce Lewy Body-like Pathology In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Covid-19 Infection and Parkinsonism: Is There a Link?Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Review
- Possible Link between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Infections or Sepsis Preceding Clinically Diagnosed α-Synucleinopathies: A Case-Control Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2020Article
- Movement Disorders in the World of COVID-19.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2020Article
- Disruption of cellular proteostasis by H1N1 influenza A virus causes α-synuclein aggregation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- The Potential Role of SARS-COV-2 in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN) strain of influenza A virus, the nonneurovirulent A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2; Aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. The virus strains with the WSN gene segment coding for neuraminidase induced meningoencephalitis in mice. The mice inoculated with the R96 strain, which has only the neuraminidase gene from the WSN strain, had mild symptoms and weak positive immunostaining to the anti-WSN antibody in meningeal regions. Both the WSN and R404BP strains, which contain the WSN gene segments coding for neuraminidase and matrix protein, were clearly neurovirulent both clinically and pathologically. On day 3 after inoculation with either of these two strains, WSN antigen was detected in meningeal and ependymal areas, neurons of circumventricular regions, the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, the substantia nigra zona compacta, and the ventral tegmental area. On day 7, meningeal reactions and neuronal staining were still seen, and advanced accumulation of the viral antigen was evident in the substantia nigra zona compacta and hippocampus. Double immunostaining demonstrated that the WSN antigen was only seen in neurons and not in microglia or reactive astrocytes. Immunostaining for the lectin maackia amurensis agglutinin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac alpha 2,3 Gal sequence, which serves as a binding site for influenza A virus on target cell membranes, showed that positive staining was localized in the ventral substantia nigra and hippocampus. These results suggest that neurovirulent influenza A viruses could be one of the causative agents for postencephalitic parkinsonism.
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