ArticleJournal of virology1995
Retinoid activation of retinoic acid receptors but not of retinoid X receptors promotes cellular differentiation and replication of human cytomegalovirus in embryonal cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogenesis of Zika Virus-Associated Embryopathy.BioResearch open access · 2016Article
- Differentiation-Coupled Induction of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Union of the Major Enhancer Retinoic Acid, Cyclic AMP, and NF-κB Response Elements.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Infection homeostasis: implications for therapeutic and immune programming of metabolism in controlling infection.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
- A temporal gate for viral enhancers to co-opt Toll-like-receptor transcriptional activation pathways upon acute infection.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Estrogen-related receptor α is required for efficient human cytomegalovirus replication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Human cytomegalovirus infection of human embryonic stem cell-derived primitive neural stem cells is restricted at several steps but leads to the persistence of viral DNA.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Reversal of human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected cells via the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Cellular repressor inhibits human cytomegalovirus transcription from the UL127 promoter.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Reactivation of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early regulatory region and viral replication in embryonal NTera2 cells: role of trichostatin A, retinoic acid, and deletion of the 21-base-pair repeats and modulator.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Principles of homeostasis in governing virus activation and latency.Immunologic research · 2000Review
- A strong negative transcriptional regulatory region between the human cytomegalovirus UL127 gene and the major immediate-early enhancer.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Ligand induction of retinoic acid receptors alters an acute infection by murine cytomegalovirus.Journal of virology · 1998Article
- Effect of a modulator deletion on transcription of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early genes in infected undifferentiated and differentiated cells.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Human cytomegalovirus inhibits antigen presentation by a sequential multistep process.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996Article
- Developmental analysis of the cytomegalovirus enhancer in transgenic animals.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- The enhancer domain of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter determines cell type-specific expression in transgenic mice.Journal of virology · 1996Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The susceptibility of human embryonal cell line NT-2/D1 to replicate human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is dependent on retinoic acid (RA) stimulation. Physiological responses to retinoic acid involve two distinct subfamilies of nuclear receptors, the RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which function by activating transcription as heterodimeric or RXR homodimeric complexes from cis-acting DNA response elements. At present, it is not clear whether the association between these two classes of receptors can lead to multiple distinct induction pathways by signalling one or both receptor partners. Here we have determined, by selectively activating endogenous receptors with novel synthetic ligands specific for either RARs or RXRs, what ligand interaction is physiological in the retinoid receptor pathways necessary for inducing replication of hCMV in differentiated embryonal cells. We show that ligand binding to RAR alone is sufficient and that exclusive ligand activation of RXR is insufficient for inducing replication of hCMV. We also find that differentiation and inhibition of NT-2/D1 cell growth are promoted by compounds that signal the RAR pathway. These results provide direct evidence that RAR ligand-mediated physiological responses are separable and distinct from RXR ligand activation functions. Moreover, our results provide insight into a hormone response pathway for cellular differentiation that might be coopted by hCMV in the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.