ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1995
Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Modeling combinatorial regulation from single-cell multi-omics provides regulatory units underpinning cell type landscape using cRegulon.Genome biology · 2025Article
- FBXL3 serves as a suppressor of regenerative myogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Characterization of Myf6 and association with growth traits in swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus).BMC genomics · 2024Article
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- Electrospun Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffold Potentiates C2C12 Myoblast Bioactivity and Acts as a Stimulus for Cell Commitment in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Transcriptomic profile of leg muscle during early growth and development in Haiyang yellow chicken.Archives animal breeding · 2021Article
- Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Hampers the Vasopressin-dependent Stimulation of Myogenic Differentiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation by modulating multiple myoblast differentiation factors.Bioscience reports · 2019Article
- Characterization of a novel microRNA, miR-188, elevated in serum of muscular dystrophy dog model.PloS one · 2019Article
- The Influence of Short-term Fasting on Muscle Growth and Fiber Hypotrophy Regulated by the Rhythmic Expression of Clock Genes and Myogenic Factors in Nile Tilapia.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2018Review
- MEF2C Interacts With c-FOS in PTH-Stimulated Mmp13 Gene Expression in Osteoblastic Cells.Endocrinology · 2017Article
- Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (Tet2) Is Involved in Myogenic Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblast Cells in Vitro.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Laminin 521 maintains differentiation potential of mouse and human satellite cell-derived myoblasts during long-term culture expansion.Skeletal muscle · 2016Article
- Daily rhythmicity of clock gene transcript levels in fast and slow muscle fibers from Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi).BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Identification of MEF2B and TRHDE Gene Polymorphisms Related to Growth Traits in a New Ujumqin Sheep Population.PloS one · 2016Article
- Fat deposition and accumulation in the damaged and inflamed skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular players.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factor (MRF) gene family encodes four distinct muscle-specific transcription factors known as MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, and MRF4. These proteins represent key regulatory factors that control many aspects of skeletal myogenesis. Although the MRFs often exhibit overlapping functional activities, their distinct expression patterns during embryogenesis suggest that each protein plays a unique role in controlling aspects of muscle development. As a first step in determining how MRF4 gene expression is developmentally regulated, we examined the ability of the MRF4 gene to be expressed in a muscle-specific fashion in vitro. Our studies show that the proximal MRF4 promoter contains sufficient information to direct muscle-specific expression. Located within the proximal promoter are a single MEF2 site and E box that are required for maximum MRF4 expression. Mutation of the MEF2 site or E box severely impairs the ability of this promoter to produce a muscle-specific response. In addition, the MEF2 site and E box function in concert to synergistically activate the MRF4 gene in nonmuscle cells coexpressing MEF2 and myogenin proteins. Thus, the MRF4 promoter is regulated by the MEF2 and basic helix-loop-helix MRF protein family through a cross-regulatory circuitry. Surprisingly, the MRF4 promoter itself is not transactivated by MRF4, suggesting that this MRF gene is not subject to an autoregulatory pathway as previously implied by other studies. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating expression of each MRF gene is central to fully understanding how these factors control developmental events.
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