ArticleThe American journal of pathology1995
Different subsets of T cells in conjunction with natural killer cells, macrophages, and activated microglia participate in the intracerebral immune response to Toxoplasma gondii in athymic nude and immunocompetent rats.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of IFN-γ-mediated host immune responses in monitoring and the elimination of Toxoplasma gondii infection.International immunology · 2024Review
- Animal Models for Toxoplasma gondii Infection.Current protocols · 2023Article
- Aging with Toxoplasma gondii results in pathogen clearance, resolution of inflammation, and minimal consequences to learning and memory.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- CD40 in Endothelial Cells Restricts Neural Tissue Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Article
- Immune responses against protozoan parasites: a focus on the emerging role of Nod-like receptors.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection enhances β-amyloid phagocytosis and clearance by recruited monocytes.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2016Article
- Characteristics and critical function of CD8+ T cells in the Toxoplasma-infected brain.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
- Interferon-gamma- and perforin-mediated immune responses for resistance against Toxoplasma gondii in the brain.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2011Review
- Protective Toxoplasma gondii-specific T-cell responses require T-cell-specific expression of protein kinase C-theta.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Microglia in infectious diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2009Review
- CD4 T cells mediate axonal damage and spinal cord motor neuron apoptosis in murine p0106-125-induced experimental autoimmune neuritis.The American journal of pathology · 2008Article
- Both TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the effective immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-induced experimental murine brain abscess.The American journal of pathology · 2008Article
- Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the brain.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2007Review
- Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 is essential for control of cerebral but not systemic listeriosis.The American journal of pathology · 2007Article
- Impaired resistance to the development of toxoplasmic encephalitis in interleukin-6-deficient mice.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Expression pattern and cellular origin of cytokines in the normal and Toxoplasma gondii-infected murine brain.The American journal of pathology · 1997Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral infection of athymic nude and immunocompetent Lewis rats with Toxoplasma gondii induced a chronic nonlethal encephalitis. The histopathological pattern of Toxoplasma encephalitis was significantly different in both groups of animals and there were substantially larger numbers of Toxoplasma cysts in the brains of athymic rats. Combined immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses of intracerebral leukocytes identified alpha beta TCR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; macrophages, and natural killer cells as inflammatory cell populations in immunocompetent rats, whereas in athymic rats natural killer cells, macrophages, and gamma delta TCR+ CD8+ CD3+ T cells contributed to the intracerebral inflammatory infiltrates. These findings not only point to a major participation of alpha beta TCR+ T cells to the intracerebral immune response, but also indicate that they are not essential to prevent the development of a lethal Toxoplasma encephalitis. In addition, microglia were strongly activated in both strains with simultaneous up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens and CD4. Activation of microglia was most prominent in athymic rats, demonstrating that immunodeficiency does not preclude an up-regulation of these molecules including the human immunodeficiency virus receptor CD4 on microglial cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
7717465PMC1869253W1417461948What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.