ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1993
The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, a growth factor for AIDS Kaposi sarcoma and cytokine-activated vascular cells, induces adhesion of the same cell types by using integrin receptors recognizing the RGD amino acid sequence.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 355 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- An appraisal of the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine on endothelial impairment in preeclampsia comorbid with HIV infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat and gp120 as key drivers of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- SLC38A9 is directly involved in Tat-induced endolysosome dysfunction and senescence in astrocytes.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- HIV Tat as a latency reversing agent: turning the tables on viral persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Role of HIV-1 Tat Protein Interactions with Host Receptors in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- HIV-1 Tat amino acid residues that influence Tat-TAR binding affinity: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Review
- HIV Promotes Neurocognitive Impairment by Damaging the Hippocampal Microvessels.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Kaposi's Sarcoma Lesion Progression in BKV-Tat Transgenic Mice Is Increased by Inflammatory Cytokines and Blocked by Treatment with Anti-Tat Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- New insights into pathogenesis point to HIV-1 Tat as a key vaccine target.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on pulmonary vascular disease.Global cardiology science & practice · 2021Review
- HIV-1 Tat Protein Enters Dysfunctional Endothelial Cells via Integrins and Renders Them Permissive to Virus Replication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- An Insight into the Angiogenic and Lymphatic Interplay in Pre-eclampsia Comorbid with HIV Infection.Current hypertension reports · 2020Review
- HIV-1 TAT-mediated microglial activation: role of mitochondrial dysfunction and defective mitophagy.Autophagy · 2018Article
- HIV Proteins and Endothelial Dysfunction: Implications in Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2018Review
- The Rho ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme binds cells via an Arg-Gly-Asp motif.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- The Evolving Profile of the Signature Amino Acid Residues in HIV-1 Subtype C Tat.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Article
- Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spindle-shaped cells of vascular origin are the probable tumor cells of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). These cells, derived from patients with KS and AIDS, proliferate in response to extracellular Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Normal vascular cells, believed to be the progenitors of AIDS-KS cells, acquire spindle morphology and become responsive to the mitogenic effect of Tat after culture with inflammatory cytokines. Such cytokines are increased in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected people, suggesting that immune stimulation (rather than immune deficiency) is a component of AIDS-KS pathogenesis. Here we show that (i) Tat promotes adhesion of AIDS-KS and normal vascular cells; (ii) adhesion of normal vascular cells to Tat is induced by exposure of the cells to the same cytokines; (iii) adhesion is associated with the amino acid sequence RGD of Tat through a specific interaction with the integrin receptors alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha v beta 3, although it is augmented by the basic region; and (iv) the expression of both integrins is increased by the same cytokines that promote these cells to acquire spindle morphology and become responsive to the adhesion and growth effects of Tat. The results also suggest that RGD-recognizing integrins mediate the vascular cell-growth-promoting effect of Tat.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.