Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1995
Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 611 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- HHV-6-induced hydrocephalus with ventricular septa formation in an immunocompetent adult: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The Development of Epilepsy Following CNS Viral Infections: Mechanisms.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- From Viral Infection to Autoimmune Reaction: Exploring the Link between Human Herpesvirus 6 and Autoimmune Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The Probable Infectious Origin of Multiple Sclerosis.NeuroSci · 2023Review
- IL-17A expression by both T cells and non-T cells contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Herpesvirus Infections in KIR2DL2-Positive Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Mechanisms Triggering Autoimmunity.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Review
- Human Herpesvirus 6A Is a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Analysis of herpesvirus infection and genome single nucleotide polymorphism risk factors in multiple sclerosis, Volga federal district, Russia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Impact of a Demyelination-Inducing Central Nervous System Virus on Expression of Demyelination Genes in Type 2 Lymphoid Cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Arbovirus, herpesvirus, and enterovirus associated with neurological syndromes in adult patients of a university hospital, 2017-2018.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
- Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Cumulative Roles for Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Endogenous Retroviruses, and Human Herpes Virus-6 in Driving an Inflammatory Cascade Underlying MS Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Representational difference analysis was used to search for pathogens in multiple sclerosis brains. We detected a 341-nucleotide fragment that was 99.4% identical to the major DNA binding protein gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Examination of 86 brain specimens by PCR demonstrated that HHV-6 was present in > 70% of MS cases and controls and is thus a commensal virus of the human brain. By DNA sequencing, 36/37 viruses from MS cases and controls were typed as HHV-6 variant B group 2. Other herpesviruses, retroviruses, and measles virus were detected infrequently or not at all. HHV-6 expression was examined by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against HHV-6 virion protein 101K and DNA binding protein p41. Nuclear staining of oligodendrocytes was observed in MS cases but not in controls, and in MS cases it was observed around plaques more frequently than in uninvolved white matter. MS cases showed prominent cytoplasmic staining of neurons in gray matter adjacent to plaques, although neurons expressing HHV-6 were also found in certain controls. Since destruction of oligodendrocytes is a hallmark of MS, these studies suggest an association of HHV-6 with the etiology or pathogenesis of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.