ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health1995
Physical activity, calcium intake, and bone mineral content in children in The Netherlands.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2006Pooled it
- Association between hand grip strength and bone mineral density in US adolescents aged 12-19 years: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Determinants of bone mineral content and bone area in Indian preschool children.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2011Article
- The effect of calcium intake and physical activity on bone quantitative ultrasound measurements in children: a pilot study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2008Article
- Physical activity, calcium intake and bone health in children and adolescents.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2007Review
- Girls' calcium intake is associated with bone mineral content during middle childhood.The Journal of nutrition · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo examine the relation between physical activity, calcium intake, and bone mineral content in children.
designPopulation based, cross sectional study.
settingPrimary schools in Zoetermeer, The Netherlands.
participantsAltogether 1359 Dutch boys and girls, aged 7 to 11 years (response rate 88%). MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral content was measured by quantitative roentgen microdensitometry of the midphalanx of the second digit at the diaphyseal and metaphyseal site. Maximal exercise testing, according to the Bruce treadmill protocol, was used to assess physical fitness. Habitual physical activity was assessed by use of a questionnaire on physical activities. Daily calcium intake from dairy products was estimated by use of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MAIN
resultsBone mineral content in boys was not linearly associated with physical fitness after adjustments for differences in height, body weight, chronological age, and skeletal age. In girls a linear association was found at the metaphyseal site only. When extreme groups were compared, bone mineral content was found to be higher in "high fitness children" (upper decile) than "low fitness children" (lowest decile), with statistical significance reached in boys only. When analyses were performed in subgroups of skeletal age, a clear linear relation between physical fitness and bone mineral content was seen in the mature subgroup in both boys and girls. No linear association was found between habitual physical activity and bone mineral content, while the results in extreme groups (that is, upper versus lowest decile) and in subgroups of skeletal age were comparable to those on physical fitness in boys only. No association was found between daily calcium intake and bone mineral content in this age group.
conclusionsThis cross sectional study in children aged 7 to 11 years suggests that an increased bone mineral content is found only in those with a high level of physical activity. This association is most pronounced in the more mature children. No evidence was found for an association between daily calcium intake and bone mineral content in childhood.
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Registered trials
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