ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1995
Preferential activation and expansion of human peripheral blood gamma delta T cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and their cytokine production and cytotoxic activity against T. gondii-infected cells.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The early human interferon gamma response to Toxoplasma gondii is driven by Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell sensing of host phosphoantigens and subsequent NK-cell activation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Observational
- Current progress in γδ T-cell biology.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2010Review
- TNF-alpha is a positive regulatory factor for human Vgamma2 Vdelta2 T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- Human gamma delta T cells: candidates for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies.Immunologic research · 2007Review
- CD40 restrains in vivo growth of Toxoplasma gondii independently of gamma interferon.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- CD40 signaling in macrophages induces activity against an intracellular pathogen independently of gamma interferon and reactive nitrogen intermediates.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- The proportion of circulating gammadelta T cells increases after the first week of onset of tularaemia and remains elevated for more than a year.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2000Article
- Antigen recognition by human gamma delta T cells: pattern recognition by the adaptive immune system.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 2000Review
- gamma delta T cells, their T cell receptor usage and role in human diseases.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 1999Review
- Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 1998Review
- Central nervous system toxoplasmosis with an increased proportion of circulating gamma delta T cells in a patient with hyper-IgM syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 1998Article
- Immunization of cattle by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognize autologous, infected endothelial cells and monocytes.Infection and immunity · 1998Article
- Impaired resistance to the development of toxoplasmic encephalitis in interleukin-6-deficient mice.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Plasmodium falciparum stimuli for human gammadelta T cells are related to phosphorylated antigens of mycobacteria.Infection and immunity · 1996Article
- Human V delta 2+ gamma delta T-cell tolerance to foreign antigens of Toxoplasma gondii.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996Article
- gamma/delta and other unconventional T lymphocytes: what do they see and what do they do?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996Review
- Human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are both cytotoxic to Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells.Infection and immunity · 1996Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine if gamma delta T cells participate in the immune response to Toxoplasma gondii. Preferential expansion of human gamma delta T cells occurred when peripheral blood T cells from either T. gondii-seronegative or seropositive individuals were incubated with autologous PBMC infected with the parasite. That gamma delta T cells proliferated after incubation with infected cells was confirmed using purified of gamma delta T cells. These T. gondii-induced gamma delta T cell responses did not require prior exposure to the parasite since T cells obtained from umbilical cord blood from seronegative newborns also exhibited preferential expansion of gamma delta T cells. Cytofluorometric analysis of T cells obtained from either umbilical cord blood or peripheral blood from adults revealed that V gamma 9+ and V delta 2+ gamma delta T cells responded to stimulation with infected cells. Preferential expansion of gamma delta T cells was not restricted by polymorphic determinants of MHC molecules. PBMC that had internalized killed parasites but not PBMC incubated with T. gondii lysate antigens also stimulated preferential expansion and activation of gamma delta T cells as assessed by expression of CD25 and HLA-DR molecules. V gamma 9+V delta 2+ gamma delta T cells were cytotoxic for T. gondii-infected cells in an MHC-unrestricted manner, and produced IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, but not IL-4 when incubated with cells infected with the parasite. These results suggest that rapid induction of a remarkable primary gamma delta T cell response may be important in the early protective immune response to T. gondii.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.