ArticleThe American journal of pathology1995
Immunobiology of the human penile urethra.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- HIV acquisition is associated with increased antimicrobial peptides and reduced HIV neutralizing IgA in the foreskin prepuce of uncircumcised men.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- HIV Transmission and Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Immune milieu and microbiome of the distal urethra in Ugandan men: impact of penile circumcision and implications for HIV susceptibility.Microbiome · 2022Article
- The importance of semen leukocytes in HIV-1 transmission and the development of prevention strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Innate and Adaptive Anti-SIV Responses in Macaque Semen: Implications for Infectivity and Risk of Transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Mucosal stromal fibroblasts markedly enhance HIV infection of CD4+ T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- The Human Penis Is a Genuine Immunological Effector Site.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- HIV-1 is undetectable in preejaculatory secretions from HIV-1-infected men on suppressive HAART.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- In men at risk of HIV infection, IgM, IgG1, IgG3, and IgA reach the human foreskin epidermis.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- Detection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Semen, Urethra, and Male Reproductive Organs during Efficient Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2014Review
- Article
- Retinoic acid as a vaccine adjuvant enhances CD8+ T cell response and mucosal protection from viral challenge.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- HIV infection and immune defense of the penis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2011Review
- Innate and acquired immunity in the human penile urethra.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2011Review
- A new murine model for testing vaccines against genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in males.Vaccine · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human penile urethra contains numerous IgA and J chain-positive plasma cells, and the epithelium expresses secretory component, the transport molecule for polymeric IgA, indicating that this region is an active site of secretory IgA-mediated immune defense. At the distal tip, the mucosae of the meatus and fossa navicularis contain intraepithelial dendritic cells but few macrophages, whereas the urethra proper contains many macrophages within the lamina propria and epithelium, but no dendritic cells. T lymphocytes are abundant and ubiquitous in all regions of the urethra. Both CD8+ and CD4+ subpopulations of T lymphocytes are present in the lamina propria and epithelium, although CD8+ cells predominate. The majority of T lymphocytes are positive for CD45RO (memory marker), and many are also positive for the alpha E beta 7 integrin (mucosal-associated antigen). These data indicate that the human urethra is a highly dynamic immunocompetent tissue possessing all the necessary elements for antigen presentation and both humoral and cellular mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, the urethra resembles other mucosal surfaces in terms of lymphocyte subpopulations, segregation of phenotypes and expression of antigenic determinants characteristic of mucosal lymphocytes. It is likely that this region plays a dominant role in protecting the male urogenital tract against ascending infections, and should be targeted in vaccination strategies directed against sexually transmitted diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
7604877PMC1869895What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.