ArticleInfection and immunity1995
Commensal enteric bacteria engender a self-limiting humoral mucosal immune response while permanently colonizing the gut.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Guideline
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- The relationship between infant feeding types, gut microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and neurodevelopment in a neonatal piglet model.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
- Surgical revision in the presence of an S. aureus infection increases virulence factor expression and activates a multi-tissue inflammatory response.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Discovery of Novel Probiotic Species to Improve Infant Health.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Is Nasal Dysbiosis a Required Component for Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder?Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders.Cells · 2024Review
- Microbiota and B-1 B cell repertoire development in mice.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- CCR2-dependent CX3CR1+ colonic macrophages promoteInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota markers in early childhood are linked to farm living, pets in household and allergy.PloS one · 2024Article
- Considerations for oral and dental tissues in holistic care during long-haul space flights.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Review
- Dietary intervention with functional foods modulating gut microbiota for improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Article
- Immunoglobulin A antibody composition is sculpted to bind the self gut microbiome.Science immunology · 2022Article
- Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Adaptation to simulated microgravity in Streptococcus mutans.NPJ microgravity · 2022Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have employed a germfree mouse model to study the development and persistence of a humoral mucosal immune response to a gram-negative murine commensal organism, Morganella morganii. M. morganii bacteria rapidly colonize the gut, resulting in hypertrophy of Peyer's patches (PP), including germinal center reactions (GCR), and the development of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses detected in vitro in PP fragment cultures and by ELISPOT assays of lamina propria cells. The GCR peaks 14 days after infection and begins to wane thereafter. Upon colonization, the organisms successfully translocate to the mesenteric lymph node and spleen, but the number of translocating bacteria begins to drop with the onset of a specific IgA response. A clonal B-cell microculture technique was used to determine the frequency of specific IgA plasmablasts and IgA memory cells. The frequencies of preplasmablasts were seen to be higher in the earlier stages of germinal center development, whereas the frequencies of antigen-specific memory cells appeared to remain at a relatively constant level even after 193 days postmonoassociation. We suggest that a successful secretory IgA response can attenuate chronic stimulation of GCR even though the bacteria persist in the gut. The observed developing hyporesponsiveness to a chronically present commensal organism may be relevant to the use of bacterial vectors for mucosal immunization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.