ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1994
Interleukin 1 induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus alone and in synergy with interleukin 6 in chronically infected U1 cells: inhibition of inductive effects by the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection: a meta-analysis.Journal of genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Safety analysis of the diaphragm in combination with lubricant or acidifying microbicide gels: effects on markers of inflammation and innate immunity in cervicovaginal fluid.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2009Trial
- A tissue-intrinsic mechanism sensitizes HIV-1 particles for TLR-triggered innate immune responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- HIV Reactivation in Latently Infected Cells With Virological Synapse-Like Cell Contact.Viruses · 2020Article
- Article
- Mucosal Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Proliferative and Secretory Phases of the Menstrual Cycle.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Article
- HIV-1 infection renders brain vascular pericytes susceptible to the extracellular glutamate.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- Allele-specific long-distance regulation dictates IL-32 isoform switching and mediates susceptibility to HIV-1.Science advances · 2018Article
- Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2018Review
- IL-1RN and IL-1Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Triterpenoids from Ocimum labiatum Activates Latent HIV-1 Expression In Vitro: Potential for Use in Adjuvant Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Clash of the Cytokine Titans: counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2017Review
- ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 induces innate immune responses in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages.Poultry science · 2017Article
- Impact of APOL1 polymorphism and IL-1β priming in the entry and persistence of HIV-1 in human podocytes.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Cytokine/Chemokine responses in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood, bone marrow, and axillary lymph nodes during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- HIV-1 infection of macrophages dysregulates innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibition of interleukin-10.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present study we have observed that interleukin (IL) 1 alpha or IL-1 beta directly induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the latently infected human promonocytic cell line U1. In addition, IL-1 synergized with IL-6, but not with tumor necrosis factor, in the upregulation of virus expression in U1 cells as measured by accumulation of steady-state mRNAs and production of reverse transcriptase activity. The HIV inductive effect of IL-1 was blocked by transforming growth factor beta, anti-IL-1 antibodies, or monoclonal antibodies directed to the type 1, but not to the type 2, cell surface receptor for IL-1; the latter actually caused enhancement of the IL-1-mediated effect. Unlike tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 either alone or in combination with IL-6 did not induce activation of the transcription activating factor NF-kappa B above the constitutive levels of unstimulated U1 cells. Finally, the IL-1 receptor antagonist effectively blocked IL-1-mediated direct and synergistic inductive effects on virus production. Thus, IL-1 may be an important mediator of HIV expression, and blocking of IL-1 expression and/or its effects may have a potential therapeutic role in the inhibition of HIV expression in infected individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.