ArticleThe American journal of pathology1995
Highly metastatic 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones stimulate bone marrow by secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3 activity.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Systemic inflammation and prognosis in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer receiving anti-EGFR therapy: A real-world cohort study.Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026Article
- The post-orchiectomy systemic inflammatory index is associated with tumor characteristics in clinical stage I germ cell tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanistic insights into the interplays between neutrophils and other immune cells in cancer development and progression.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Predictive value of Leukocyte ImmunoTest (LIT™) in cancer patients: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Prognostic Relevance of Pretreatment Peripheral Neutrophil Count and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio in Primary Cutaneous Angiosarcoma.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Article
- The Usefulness of the Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of the 5-Year Survival in Stage 1-3 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Platelets and Metastasis: New Implications of an Old Interplay.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages-Heterogenous but Not Chaotic.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Defining the Hallmarks of Metastasis.Cancer research · 2019Review
- Different Faces for Different Places: Heterogeneity of Neutrophil Phenotype and Function.Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
- Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types?Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio dynamics during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for glioblastoma is an independent predictor for overall survival.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2017Article
- The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society · 2015Article
- Neutrophils in Cancer: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Journal of immunology research · 2015Review
- Megakaryocytes, malignancy and bone marrow vascular niches.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circulating neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte levels rise 50-fold in 13762NF tumor-bearing rats in proportion to the tumor's metastatic potential. Purified tumor-elicited neutrophils enhance metastasis of syngeneic tumor cells when co-injected intravenously; however, circulating and phorbol ester-activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils do not. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the source of tumor-elicited neutrophils in metastatic tumor-bearing rats. We examined the bone marrow in rats bearing tumors of poorly, moderately, and highly metastatic cell clones. Marrow from rats with highly metastatic tumors had increased cellularity (100%), myeloid to erythroid ratio (10:1), and megakaryocytes compared with control rats (cellularity, approximately 80%; myeloid to erythroid ratio, 5:1), with marrows from rats with moderately metastatic tumors having intermediate values. This suggested production of a colony-stimulating factor by the metastatic cells. To confirm this, bone marrow colony formation from control and tumor-bearing rats was compared. Colony number increased in proportion to the metastatic potential of the tumor. Conditioned medium from metastatic cells supported growth of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3-dependent 32Dcl3 cell line, but media from nonmetastatic or moderately metastatic cells did not. Antibodies to murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralized 32Dcl3 growth in tumor cell conditioned medium. These results suggest production of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-3-like activity by highly metastatic 13762NF clones and implicate a possible role for colony-stimulating factors in regulating the metastatic potential of mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones.
Indexed as
Identifiers
7495292PMC1869940W2220026708What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.