Trial reportArchives of disease in childhood1995
A non-electrostatic spacer for aerosol delivery.
Trial report in Archives of disease in childhood, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhalation devices.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2005Guideline
- Canadian Asthma Consensus Report, 1999. Canadian Asthma Consensus Group.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 1999Guideline
- In vivo comparison of the relative systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate from three anti-static spacers and a metered dose inhaler.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2009Trial
- Age dependent systemic exposure to inhaled salbutamol.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2007Trial
- Effect of plastic spacer handling on salbutamol lung deposition in asthmatic children.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2002Trial
- Randomised controlled study of clinical efficacy of spacer therapy in asthma with regard to electrostatic charge.Archives of disease in childhood · 2001Trial
- Reducing electrostatic charge on spacer devices and bronchodilator response.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2000Trial
- Lung deposition of aerosol--a comparison of different spacers.Archives of disease in childhood · 2000Trial
- Effect of electrostatic charge in plastic spacers on the lung delivery of HFA-salbutamol in children.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 1999Trial
- Lung delivery of non-CFC salbutamol via small volume metal spacer and large volume plastic spacer devices compared with an open vent jet nebulizer.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 1998Trial
- Spacers and Valved Holding Chambers.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Review
- A path to successful patient outcomes through aerosol drug delivery to children: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Treating COPD Patients with Inhaled Medications in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond: Options and Rationales for Patients at Home.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2021Review
- Spacer devices for inhaled therapy: why use them, and how?ERJ open research · 2018Review
- Drug delivery interfaces: A way to optimize inhalation therapy in spontaneously breathing children.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2016Review
- Early bioavailability of inhaled salbutamol reflects lung dose in children.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2008Article
- Aerosol profile extracted from spacers as a determinant of actual dose.Pharmaceutical research · 2004Article
- Use of inhaler devices in pediatric asthma.Paediatric drugs · 2003Review
- Review
- Drug delivery from inhaler devices.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1996Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A pear shaped non-electrostatic spacer, composed of steel with a volume of 250 ml and equipped with a facemask containing integrated inlet and outlet valves for inspiration and expiration, was compared with three plastic spacers. The plastic spacers were primed with repeated puffs from a budesonide pressurised metered dose inhaler (p-MDI) to minimise the electrostatic charge on the plastic. The procedure prolonged the half life (t1/2) of the aerosol in the Nebuhaler from nine to 32 seconds. A normal cleaning procedure reduced the aerosol t1/2 back to baseline. The t1/2 of the aerosol in the metal spacer was 27 seconds and independent of the use of p-MDI. In vitro the maximum dose of budesonide from a p-MDI, expressed as a percentage of the nominal dose, was 56% from the non-electrostatic spacer, 61% from the Nebuhaler, 45% from the Babyhaler, and 30% from the AeroChamber. In 124 children, age 6 months to 6 years, suspected to have asthma the non-electrostatic spacer delivered a mean total dose of budesonide aerosol of 39% of the nominal dose, which was significantly higher than the Babyhaler (28%), the Nebuhaler (21%), and the AeroChamber (19%). These differences were most pronounced in children younger than 4 years. The improved dose delivery from the small volume non-electrostatic spacer is probably related to the non-electrostatic spacer material and the valves which assured unidirectional airflow from the spacer without adding any dead space in the inspiratory channel. The non-electro-static spacer should improve the cost effectiveness of aerosol treatment and, as the counteracting effects of proming and recharging of the plastic from cleaning are avoided, should deliver a more reliable dose.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.