ArticleNucleic acids research1995
Distinct requirements for primary sequence in the 5'- and 3'-part of a bulge in the hepatitis B virus RNA encapsidation signal revealed by a combined in vivo selection/in vitro amplification system.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Relaxing the restricted structural dynamics in the human hepatitis B virus RNA encapsidation signal enables replication initiation in vitro.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- RBM24 stabilizes hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA but inhibits core protein translation by targeting the terminal redundancy sequence.Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Article
- Few basepairing-independent motifs in the apical half of the avian HBV ε RNA stem-loop determine site-specific initiation of protein-priming.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- In vitro epsilon RNA-dependent protein priming activity of human hepatitis B virus polymerase.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Non-nearest-neighbor dependence of the stability for RNA group II single-nucleotide bulge loops.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2011Article
- HIV-1 evolution: frustrating therapies, but disclosing molecular mechanisms.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2010Review
- RNA-protein interactions in hepadnavirus reverse transcription.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2009Review
- Hepatitis B virus replication.World journal of gastroenterology · 2007Review
- Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and epsilon RNA sequences required for specific interaction in vitro.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- A cis-acting replication element in the sequence encoding the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is required for hepatitis C virus RNA replication.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Insertions within epsilon affect synthesis of minus-strand DNA before the template switch for duck hepatitis B virus.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Forced evolution of a regulatory RNA helix in the HIV-1 genome.Nucleic acids research · 1997Article
- Specific hepatitis B virus minus-strand DNA synthesis requires only the 5' encapsidation signal and the 3'-proximal direct repeat DR1.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- Efficient hammerhead ribozyme-mediated cleavage of the structured hepatitis B virus encapsidation signal in vitro and in cell extracts, but not in intact cells.Nucleic acids research · 1995Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus that replicates by reverse transcription of a terminally redundant RNA, the pregenome. Specific packaging of this transcript into viral capsids is mediated by interaction of the reverse transcriptase, P protein, with the 5'-proximal encapsidation signal epsilon, epsilon-function is correlated with the formation of a hairpin structure containing a bulge and a loop, each consisting of 6 nt. To analyse the importance of primary sequence in these regions, we have combined selection of encapsidation competent individuals from pools of randomized epsilon-sequences in transfected cells with in vitro amplification, thus bypassing the current experimental limitations of the HBV system. While no alterations of the authentic loop sequence were detectable, many different sequences were tolerated in the 3'-part of the bulge. However, at the two 5'-proximal bulge positions the wt sequence was strongly selected for, indicating that for RNA packaging close contacts between protein and the 5'- but not the 3'-part of the bulge are important. Such a bipartite organisation provides a structural basis for the recently demonstrated special role of the 3'-part of the bulge as template for the first nucleotides of (-)-strand DNA in HBV reverse transcription.
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