ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics
Clinical pharmacokinetics of paracetamol.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Treatment With Paracetamol in Children and Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Cerebral Palsy
An Open-label, Single-dose, Pharmacokinetic Study of Acetaminophen/Naproxen Sodium Fixed Combination Tablets in Adolescents 12 to <17 Years of Age With Orthodontic Pain
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 479 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhances muscular endurance, strength, and power.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Analgesic effect of oral paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg, paracetamol 1000 mg/codeine 60 mg, paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg/codeine 60 mg, or placebo on acute postoperative pain: a single-dose, randomized, and double-blind study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Trigger point dry needling increases masseter muscle oxygenation in patients with temporomandibular disorder.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2023Trial
- A simple method to measure sulfonation in man using paracetamol as probe drug.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Acute acetaminophen ingestion improves performance and muscle activation during maximal intermittent knee extensor exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- Bioequivalence and Safety of Twice-Daily Sustained-Release Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Compared With 3- and 4-Times-Daily Paracetamol: A Repeat-Dose, Crossover Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2018Trial
- Exposure to acetaminophen and all its metabolites upon 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg intravenous acetaminophen in very-preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2017Trial
- Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Malaria journal · 2016Trial
- Therapeutic paracetamol treatment in older persons induces dietary and metabolic modifications related to sulfur amino acids.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2012Trial
- The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol.BMC clinical pharmacology · 2010Trial
- Paracetamol for intravenous use in medium--and intensive care patients: pharmacokinetics and tolerance.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2010Trial
- Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2009Trial
- Paracetamol metabolism in patients with ulcerative colitis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 1998Trial
- Reduction of acetaminophen interference in glucose sensors by a composite Nafion membrane: demonstration in rats and man.Diabetologia · 1994Trial
- Paracetamol pharmacokinetics during the first trimester of human pregnancy.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 1994Trial
- Effects of PEG-electrolyte (Colyte) lavage on serum acetaminophen concentrations. A model for treatment of acetaminophen overdose.Digestive diseases and sciences · 1993Trial
- Analgesic efficacy of immediate and sustained release paracetamol and plasma concentration of paracetamol. Double blind, placebo-controlled evaluation using painful laser stimulation.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 1992Trial
- Double-blind, placebo controlled comparison of paracetamol and paracetamol plus codeine--a quantitative evaluation by laser induced pain.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 1991Trial
- Effect of intravenous atropine on gastric emptying, paracetamol absorption, salivary flow and heart rate in young and fit elderly volunteers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 1990Trial
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In therapeutic doses paracetamol is a safe analgesic, but in overdosage it can cause severe hepatic necrosis. Following oral administration it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its systemic bioavailability being dose-dependent and ranging from 70 to 90%. Its rate of oral absorption is predominantly dependent on the rate of gastric emptying, being delayed by food, propantheline, pethidine and diamorphine and enhanced by metoclopramide. Paracetamol is also well absorbed from the rectum. It distributes rapidly and evenly throughout most tissues and fluids and has a volume of distribution of approximately 0.9L/kg. 10 to 20% of the drug is bound to red blood cells. Paracetamol is extensively metabolised (predominantly in the liver), the major metabolites being the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates. A minor fraction of drug is converted to a highly reactive alkylating metabolite which is inactivated with reduced glutathione and excreted in the urine as cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates. Large doses of paracetamol (overdoses) cause acute hepatic necrosis as a result of depletion of glutathione and of binding of the excess reactive metabolite to vital cell constituents. This damage can be prevented by the early administration of sulfhydryl compounds such as methionine and N-acetylcysteine. In healthy subjects 85 to 95% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours with about 4, 55, 30, 4 and 4% appearing as unchanged paracetamol and its glucuronide, sulphate, mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates, respectively. The plasma half-life in such subjects ranges from 1.9 to 2.5 hours and the total body clearance from 4.5 to 5.5 ml/kg/min. Age has little effect on the plasma half-life, which is shortened in patients taking anticonvulsants. The plasma half-life is usually normal in patients with mild chronic liver disease, but its prolonged in those with decompensated liver disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.