ReviewBritish journal of clinical pharmacology1980
Kinetics and metabolism of paracetamol and phenacetin.
Review in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1980. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 169 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Treatment With Paracetamol in Children and Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Cerebral Palsy
Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone/Acetaminophen for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Single-Site, Phase 2 Randomized Trial
Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 450 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of Fomepizole on Acetaminophen Oxidative Metabolism: A Randomized, Crossover Study in Human Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhances muscular endurance, strength, and power.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effects of a casein hydrolysate versus intact casein on gastric emptying and amino acid responses.European journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Exposure to acetaminophen and all its metabolites upon 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg intravenous acetaminophen in very-preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2017Trial
- Bioavailability of paracetamol with/without caffeine in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Malaria journal · 2016Trial
- Does a hot drink provide faster absorption of paracetamol than a tablet? A pharmacoscintigraphic study in healthy male volunteers.Pharmaceutical research · 2014Trial
- Time of ingestion relative to meal intake determines gastrointestinal responses to a plant sterol-containing yoghurt drink.European journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
- Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2009Trial
- Paracetamol disposition in Thai patients during and after treatment of falciparum malaria.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 1995Trial
- The effect of probenecid on paracetamol metabolism and pharmacokinetics.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 1993Trial
- A systems pharmacology model for paracetamol overdose and treatment.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026Article
- Article
- Chitosan-carboxymethyl tara gum polyelectrolyte complex matrix tablets for sustained gastrointestinal drug dissolution using paracetamol as a model drug.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Integration of Clinical Pharmacokinetic Database With Compartmental Modeling and Regulatory Data Analysis.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Enhancing the efficiency of achieving optical transparency in live animals using absorbing molecules.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Semi-Physiological Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Oral and Intravenous Paracetamol to Quantify Presystemic Metabolism and Enterohepatic Recirculation.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Multiscale zonation-resolved modeling of dose-dependent determinants of acetaminophen-induced liver injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- A Novel Maturation Equation for Hepatic Clearance Across Preterm, Term Neonates, Children, and Adults: Application to Paracetamol and Its Metabolite.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
1 The rate of absorption of oral paracetamol depends on the rate of gastric emptying and is usually rapid and complete. The mean systemic availability is about 75%. 2 Paracetamol is extensively metabolized and the plasma half-life is 1.5-2.5 hours. About 55% and 30% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates, respectively, whereas mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates (representing conversion to a potentially toxic intermediate metabolite) each account for some 4% of the dose. Paracetamol metabolism is age- and dose-dependent. 3 With hepatotoxic doses, paracetamol metabolism is impaired and the half-life prolonged. Sulphate conjugation is saturated and the proportion excreted as mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates is increased. 4 The renal clearance of paracetamol depends on urine flow rate by not pH. The renal clearances of the glucuronide and sulphate conjugates often exceed the glomerular filtration rate and are independent of urine flow and pH. 5 Phenacetin absorption depends on formulation. It is extensively metabolized to paracetamol and minor metabolites are probably responsible for toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.