ArticleDrugs1984
An epidemiological perspective of sudden death. 26-year follow-up in the Framingham Study.
Article in Drugs, 1984. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The interplay of heart rate variability and ventricular repolarization parameters in the obese state: a review.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Review
- Angiotensin II Overstimulation Leads to an Increased Susceptibility to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Higher Mortality in Female Mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Association of functional genetic variants of A-kinase anchoring protein 10 with QT interval length in full-term Polish newborns.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2015Article
- Distinctive profile of sudden cardiac arrest in middle-aged vs. older adults: a community-based study.International journal of cardiology · 2013Article
- The emerging role of outdoor and indoor air pollution in cardiovascular disease.North American journal of medical sciences · 2013Review
- Cardiac autonomic functions in obese children.Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2011Article
- Genome-wide association study of electrocardiographic and heart rate variability traits: the Framingham Heart Study.BMC medical genetics · 2007Article
- Changes in frequency of premature complexes and heart rate variability related to shift work.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2001Article
- Gender and cardiac arrhythmias.Texas Heart Institute journal · 2001Review
- Review
- Sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertension. An association with diuretics and beta-blockers?Drug safety · 1997Review
- Review
- Alcohol intemperance and sudden death.British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) · 1987Article
- Review
- Hypertension images: electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over 26 years of follow-up of 5209 Framingham subjects there were 147 sudden deaths in men and 50 in women. Half the sudden deaths in men and 70% in women occurred without prior coronary heart disease. The incidence doubled with each decade of age, with women lagging men by 20 years. At any age in either sex the risk varied widely in relation to their risk factor make-up. By incorporating systolic pressure, serum cholesterol, vital capacity, cigarette smoking, relative weight, heart rate and ECG abnormalities into a multivariate formulation, a composite estimate of risk was obtained over a wide range. The multivariate sudden death prediction was as efficient in women as in men, identifying 53% and 42% of the sudden deaths, respectively, in the upper decile of multivariate risk. At any level of multivariate risk, women had only a third of the sudden death incidence of men, suggesting a unique biological resistance to sudden death. Ventricular premature beats, associated with an excess sudden death incidence, often occurred concurrently with ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, intraventricular block, and nonspecific ECG abnormalities. These associated ECG abnormalities were more highly predictive of sudden death than ventricular premature beats. The key to prevention of sudden death would appear to be reduction of the risk of coronary attacks. Once overt coronary heart disease or cardiac failure appears, the risk of sudden death escalates 9-fold, and at this stage the standard coronary heart disease risk factors have little predictive value. Only ECG abnormalities, arrhythmia and poor cardiac function appear to be predictive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.