ArticleEnvironmental geochemistry and health2026
Drinking water hardness and nervous system mortality: a 15 year ecological study of calcium and magnesium content in the Slovak Republic.
Article in Environmental geochemistry and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The chemical composition of the natural physical environment significantly impacts human health, yet the specific influence of drinking water minerals on nervous system disorders remains largely unexamined. This study investigated the relationship between drinking water hardness, specifically calcium and magnesium concentrations, and nervous system disease mortality across populations in the Slovak Republic. Two size wise comparable groups of rural municipalities supplied exclusively by public water systems were monitored over a 15 year period (1994-2008), totaling 1.58 million person-years. The soft water cohort comprised 34 municipalities (Ca ≤ 25 mg L
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