Association between chronic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors use and right ventricular function in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cardiovascular disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, with prognosis largely determined by the extent of right ventricular (RV) involvement. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and exert favorable effects on left ventricular (LV) remodeling; however, their effects on RV function in acute PE remain largely unexplored. We hypothesized that chronic treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors would be associated with a lower incidence of clinical congestion and a more favorable clinical course in patients with acute PE. Methods: We retrospectively compared 30 patients receiving chronic SGLT2 inhibitor therapy with 90 controls following 1:3 matching for multiple variables, including age, sex, comorbidities, and background medical therapy. Echocardiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups, including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), and clinical congestion. Results: Patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors had higher TAPSE values (19.4 ± 2.7 vs. 17.3 ± 5, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.7-3.5, Conclusions: Among hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE, chronic SGLT2 inhibitor therapy was associated with more favorable RV function during the index event; however, this association did not translate into improved long-term clinical outcomes. These findings warrant confirmation in prospective studies.