ArticleJMIR diabetes2026
Caregiver Perceptions of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Children and Adolescents Living With Type 1 Diabetes in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Tanzania, and Peru: Qualitative Study.
Article in JMIR diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Caregivers play an important role in caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Controlling blood glucose levels is an essential part of diabetes management. Previous studies in low- and middle-income countries have found that tools for measuring blood glucose are unavailable and unaffordable. However, very little is known about the perceptions of caregivers in low- and middle-income countries with regard to the important element of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes and emerging technologies and their suitability for these contexts. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore caregivers' perceptions of how self-monitoring of blood glucose impacts everyday life. For the purpose of this study, the term "caregiver" refers to either a parent or an adult responsible for assisting with the management of type 1 diabetes in a child/adolescent. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study involved 24 interviews with caregivers identified through a mix of purposive and snowball sampling. Interviews were carried out based on common themes from an interview guide. This study was part of a larger study conducted in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru, and Tanzania. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 24 interviews were conducted, with over 80% of caregivers being female. The tools used raised issues related to blood glucose meters, such as finger pricks, follow-up, and affordability. Whereas for continuous glucose monitors, issues of acceptability, accessibility, and affordability of these devices were mentioned by the interviewees. Interviewees also highlighted different disruptions to daily life due to type 1 diabetes, such as nutrition, school, and the need to access medical care. Across settings, caregivers described substantial psychological burden linked to repeated finger pricks, financial strain, and challenges managing diabetes during school and nighttime periods. Conclusions: Caregivers' perspectives on blood glucose monitoring highlighted the psychological and financial burden that weighs on them. Technological solutions, such as continuous glucose monitors, make it possible to alleviate certain obstacles related to the use of blood glucose meters and strips, but given their high cost, this can increase the financial burden.
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