Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42999802›Full record

ArticlemHealth2026

Empowering people living with diabetes with footcare knowledge and skills: a mixed-methods feasibility study.

Andy Hau Yan Ho, Anita Pienkowska, Chin-Siang Ang, Nandika Lodh, Kelley Fann Ing Goh, Iva Bojic, Ashwini Lawate, Qi Chwen Ong, Muhammad Daniel Azlan Mahadzir, Josip Car and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mHealth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05564728 (A Feasibility Study of a Conversational Agent App for Empowering Foot Care Literacy Among People With Diabetes and Their Carers), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05564728 completednot on this map

A Feasibility Study of a Conversational Agent App for Empowering Foot Care Literacy Among People With Diabetes and Their Carers

TypeobservationalSponsorNanyang Technological UniversityRan2023 to 2023Enrolled40ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Foot Ulcer, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Foot, Diabetic Foot InfectionArmsConversational Agent/Chatbot App
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Andy Hau Yan HoLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-7043
Anita PienkowskaLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7298-3876
Chin-Siang AngLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-7827
Nandika LodhLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0614-2425
Kelley Fann Ing GohLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6153-7778
Iva BojicLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-3349
Ashwini LawateLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2446-3759
Qi Chwen OngLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5621-5071
Muhammad Daniel Azlan MahadzirLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-1426
Josip CarLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-371X
Huiling LiewDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-5759

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are common and serious complications of type 2 diabetes, increasing the risks of infection, amputation, and mortality. This study evaluated the participant-level feasibility and study-level feasibility of WellFeet, a multilingual diabetes footcare mobile health app (mHealth). Methods: This single-arm, pre-post mixed-methods feasibility study recruited 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and caregivers from a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Participants used the WellFeet for one month. Participant-level feasibility outcomes included usability (primary outcome), footcare knowledge, foot self-management behaviors, caregiver experience, and user engagement (secondary outcomes). Study-level feasibility outcomes included enrolment, completion, and compliance rates. Quantitative data were collected using validated questionnaires, pre-post assessments, and app usage analytics, while qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and analyzed thematically. Results: Usability findings indicated high acceptance of the WellFeet, particularly in relation to ease of use, learnability, content organization, navigation, feedback, and overall satisfaction. Footcare knowledge improved significantly following the interventions among patients and caregivers (mean score: 10.80±1.88 at baseline Conclusions: WellFeet was acceptable to patients with diabetes and caregivers and demonstrated preliminary improvements in footcare knowledge and self-management behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of both the intervention and study procedures and will inform refinements to WellFeet and design of a future randomized controlled trial evaluating intervention effectiveness. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05564728).

Indexed as

diabetes mellitusDiabetic foot ulcersdigital therapeuticsfeasibility studymhealth

Identifiers

PMID42999802
PMCPMC13744043

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.