ReviewInternational journal of women's health2026
Docosahexaenoic Acid and the Gut-Ovarian Axis: A Potential Protective Role Against Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical-Induced Female Reproductive Toxicity.
Review in International journal of women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The global burden of female infertility is substantial and rising, with environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDs) now recognized as important modifiable contributors. Bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and their analogues have been shown to impair folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, oocyte quality, and endometrial receptivity. These toxicants also reshape the gut microbiota, damage intestinal barrier integrity, and promote metabolic endotoxemia, thereby amplifying systemic inflammation and endocrine perturbations. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-resolving activities, and is increasingly recognized as a modulator of the gut microbial ecosystem. This review proposes that DHA may antagonize EED-induced female reproductive toxicity through a gut-ovarian axis, by (i) restoring microbial diversity and beneficial taxa, (ii) strengthening tight-junction integrity and reducing lipopolysaccharide translocation, (iii) blunting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and (iv) directly protecting granulosa cells and oocytes against oxidative stress. The strongest available evidence comes from DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine, which attenuates BPA-induced intestinal injury via restoration of
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