Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42996931›Full record

ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2026

Adult primary snoring: a modified Delphi consensus among Chinese otolaryngologists with AI-assisted evidence synthesis.

Wenjing Liao, Yanru Li, Hongliang Yi, Guoping Yin, Lijuan Song, Yan Wang, Xiaoyong Ren, Mang Xiao, Haiwen Hu, Yun Zhu and 23 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Wenjing LiaoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Medical Center, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Loudi Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Loudi, China.
Yanru LiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hongliang YiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Guoping YinDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.
Lijuan SongDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Medical Center, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Loudi Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Loudi, China.
Yan WangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Xiaoyong RenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Mang XiaoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Haiwen HuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Yun ZhuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ming XiaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Tiancong LiuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Song ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Xuping XiaoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.
Jin YeDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Huaihong ChenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Min YinDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Zhongming LuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China.
Yucheng YangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jihua ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Shisheng LiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yanzhong LiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Gui ChenDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Medical Center, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Loudi Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Loudi, China.
Di ZhaoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaolong ZhaoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yuping XieDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Jian GuanDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Zhenli FuSecond Department of Elderly Respiratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, China.
Jinjing LuoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Medical Center, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Loudi Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Loudi, China.
Fusen PengDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China.
Yehai LiuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Xiong ChenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Xiaowen ZhangDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Medical Center, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Loudi Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Loudi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Primary snoring is common in adults, but its definition, diagnostic boundaries, and management remain inconsistent. Misclassification between primary snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea may expose patients to either unnecessary treatment or inadequate evaluation. This expert consensus aimed to develop an evidence-informed framework for adult primary snoring that emphasizes objective exclusion of obstructive sleep apnea and patient- and bed-partner-centered outcomes. Methods: A modified Delphi study enrolled a purposive panel of 30 experts in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery and sleep medicine from five Chinese regions. A 25-source targeted evidence corpus, supplemented by question-driven searches and human-verified artificial intelligence-assisted extraction, informed 75 unique candidate items. Four anonymous online rounds used a 9-point scale; consensus was predefined as at least 80% agreement and strong consensus as at least 90%. A pragmatic three-level evidence-basis label distinguished direct evidence from indirect evidence and expert consensus. Results: Round response rates were 93.3% (28/30), 96.7% (29/30), 96.7% (29/30), and 96.7% (29/30). Of 75 unique candidate items, 68 reached consensus; consolidation yielded 54 final statements and seven explicit non-consensus items. The framework separates clinically suspected from objectively confirmed primary snoring, addresses night-to-night diagnostic variability, and prioritizes patient- and bed-partner-centered outcomes. First-line care is proportional and phenotype-informed; custom titratable mandibular advancement devices are the preferred device-based option for suitable patients, while surgery is restricted to selected anatomical targets. Conclusions: This consensus provides a transparent, risk-stratified framework for adult primary snoring and identifies unresolved controversies. Multidisciplinary external validation, standardized outcome definitions, and prospective phenotype-stratified trials are required before broad international adoption.

Indexed as

Delphi methodexpert consensusmandibular advancement devicePrimary snoring (PS)sleep-disordered breathing

Identifiers

PMID42996931
PMCPMC13740709

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.