ReviewGalen medical journal2026
Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Continuum from Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Prevention, Management, and Long-Term Care : Short title: Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.
Review in Galen medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) remains a frequent and clinically important complication after coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, and complex aortic procedures. Its development reflects the interaction of pre-existing renal vulnerability with perioperative insults, including renal hypoperfusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, hemolysis, cardiopulmonary bypass-related injury, and nephrotoxic exposure. Conventional diagnostic markers, particularly serum creatinine and urine output, often identify AKI only after functional decline has occurred, limiting opportunities for early intervention. Novel biomarkers such as NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin C, and TIMP-2/IGFBP7 may improve early risk stratification, although their routine clinical implementation remains limited by cost, availability, and uncertainty regarding biomarker-guided treatment pathways. Current prevention and management strategies therefore rely primarily on early risk assessment, hemodynamic optimization, avoidance of nephrotoxins, careful fluid management, and timely renal support. Importantly, CSA-AKI is increasingly recognized as a continuum extending beyond hospitalization, with increased risks of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, and long-term mortality. This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention, management, and follow-up of CSA-AKI, while highlighting areas where stronger clinical evidence is still needed.
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Registered trials
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