ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Zaizao Shengxue capsule for anemia: a prospective multicenter real-world study of hemoglobin response and predictive modeling.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: The aim in this study was to characterize the 8-week hemoglobin response among patients with anemia receiving Zaizao Shengxue capsule (ZSC) in real-world care and develop and externally evaluate a model for estimating the individual probability of response. Methods: This prospective multicenter study included 440 patients from 14 centers who received ZSC for 8 weeks. Response was defined as an increase in hemoglobin of at least 20 g/L from baseline at week 8. The development cohort ( Results: Overall, 204 of 440 patients (46.4%) achieved an 8-week hemoglobin response. Response rates varied across anemia etiologies: 24.0% in cancer-related anemia (60/250), 74.4% in iron-deficiency anemia (67/90), and 77.0% in anemia of chronic disease (77/100). Anemia etiology, age, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were retained as predictors in the final Extra Trees model. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.821 (95% CI, 0.729-0.902) in internal validation and 0.769 (95% CI, 0.670-0.860) in external validation. SHAP analysis identified anemia etiology as the largest contributor to model predictions, followed by age and eGFR. Conclusion: Eight-week hemoglobin response varied across anemia etiologies among patients receiving ZSC. A model incorporating anemia etiology, age, and eGFR may support individualized pretreatment estimation of response probability based on routinely available clinical information.
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