ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
Predictive value of plasma soluble thrombomodulin for new-onset carotid plaque in adults with carotid intima-media thickening.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEndothelial damage constitutes the initial phase in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and plasma soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) is a sensitive biomarker of endothelial injury. However, the association between plasma sTM and new-onset carotid plaque development remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether plasma sTM can predict new-onset carotid plaque and identify factors associated with plaque formation in adults with carotid intima-media thickening (cIMT).
methodsCarotid ultrasonography performed during health examinations was retrospectively analyzed to evaluate carotid plaque status. Participants with carotid plaques at baseline were excluded from the study. Baseline plasma sTM levels were quantified using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate factors associated with new-onset carotid plaques and to develop an exploratory prediction model.
resultsA total of 2,607 adults with cIMT and no carotid plaque at baseline were included in the study. The median baseline plasma sTM level was 10.0 TU/mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.8-12.9 TU/mL). Baseline plasma sTM levels were significantly correlated with multiple clinical factors. During a median follow-up of 13.2 months, 488 participants (18.72%) developed carotid plaque. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that baseline plasma sTM was independently associated with new-onset carotid plaque formation, together with fasting blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, hypertension, and smoking (all P < 0.05).
conclusionsElevated baseline plasma sTM levels were independently associated with new-onset carotid plaque formation in individuals with cIMT. These findings suggest that plasma sTM may have potential as an exploratory risk-stratification biomarker to assist in clinical monitoring.
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