ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Berberine improves cognitive impairment in diabetic mice by mitigating 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress and enhancing hippocampal insulin sensitivity.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBerberine (BBR), a component of the Chinese herb, is used for treating diabetes and diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), although the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that raises the risk of developing cognitive impairment. The hippocampus within the forebrain has large number of insulin receptors linked to cognitive function and is crucial in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we examined whether BBR could improve DACD and explored the possible underlying mechanisms.
methodStreptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in mice. BBR was administered before and after STZ administration for 4 weeks. The impact of BBR on 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (4-HNE) adducts formation in diabetic mice was analyzed. Further, insulin signaling pathway was assessed to uncover the underlying molecular mechanism of BBR.
resultsBBR significantly ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice by decreasing 4-HNE adduct formation while increasing the levels of insulin and insulin receptor in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, indicating increased insulin uptake in the brain. BBR treatment increased the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and S6 kinase in the diabetic mice hippocampus, while decreasing BAD and NF-κB mRNA levels and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, BBR increased the mRNA levels of CREB and CBP in the diabetic mice confirming the neuro-regenerative role of BBR.
conclusionBBR improves hippocampal insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and improving tau hyperphosphorylation in diabetic mice. Our study highlights a novel therapeutic target in DACD and a new mechanism of action of BBR.
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