ArticleACS omega2026
3D-Printed GelMA Microneedles with Multilayer Therapeutic Properties for Diabetic Wound-Relevant Drug Delivery.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion, reduced insulin sensitivity, and hyperglycemia. Diabetic wounds are among the major complications of T2DM and can lead to chronic wounds due to challenges in the normal healing process. In this study, a three-layered tissue scaffold incorporating microneedles (MNs) was developed for diabetic wound management. The scaffold was fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) for the GelMA-based layers and electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) for the surface coating, combining antibacterial, metabolic, and antioxidant functions within a single platform. The first two layers were designed using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and produced via DLP. The first layer was loaded with the antibiotic amoxicillin to prevent infection at the scaffold application site. In the second layer, MNs containing metformin were designed. For the outermost layer, polylactic acid (PLA) microparticles containing antioxidant and antibacterial salicylic acid (SA) were produced via the EHDA method and coated onto the scaffold surface. This three-layered scaffold was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, DSC, and mechanical, swelling, degradation, and penetration analyses.
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