ReviewReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2026
Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics on Health Outcomes, Sex Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A GRADE Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, and Umbrella Review.
Review in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Numerous individual studies have examined the effects of biotics on isolated health outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on the full metabolic panel and sex hormone profiles is lacking. Accordingly, this meta-analysis of RCTs and umbrella review attempted to form a complete picture of the overall efficacy of biotics on human metabolism and endocrine function. The PubMed, Scopus, Cochran, Web of Science, and Embase databases were used for conducting a comprehensive systematic search. Twenty RCTs were included in the meta-analysis and 11 meta-analyses were included for umbrella review. The pooled estimates of the studies evaluating the effects of biotics on anthropometric measurements indicated that biotics are associated with an improvement in weight (SMD: -1.21, 95%CI: -2.06, -0.36) and body mass index (BMI) (SMD: -0.77, 95%CI: -1.45, -0.10), waist circumference (WC) (SMD: -0.67, 95%CI: -1.18, -0.16), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (SMD: -0.84, 95%CI: -1.52, -0.15), glycemic control fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD: -0.71, 95%CI: -1.19, -0.24), insulin (SMD: -0.64, 95%CI: -1.07, -0.21), and HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.78, 95%CI: -1.24, -0.32), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: -0.69, 95%CI: -1.25, -0.13), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) (SMD: -0.71, 95%CI: -1.21, -0.20), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) (SMD: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.60), triglyceride (TG) (SMD: -0.53, 95%CI: -0.95, -0.10), oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.96, 95%CI: -1.29, -0.63), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.89), testosterone (TT) (SMD: -1.29, 95%CI: -1.98, -0.68) level. However, umbrella review showed that biotics may contribute to an improvement in weight, BMI, WC, FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, lipid profile, CRP, oxidative stress markers (MDA, TAC), TT and LH/FSH ratio too. In conclusion, this meta-analysis and umbrella review provide evidence that prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics may confer beneficial effects on a range of health outcomes among patients with PCOS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.