ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
New strategies for the treatment of tuberculosis: research progress and clinical translation in immune modulation and inflammation control.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, with treatment complicated by drug resistance, adverse effects, and suboptimal host immune responses. Whilst conventional anti-TB drugs are effective bactericidally, their immunomodulatory effects may, in certain contexts, contribute to immune imbalance and affect treatment outcomes. Host-directed therapy (HDT), which aims to modulate the host immune response to enhance pathogen control and limit immunopathology, has emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy. This narrative review critically evaluates the current evidence for HDT in TB, focusing on immunosenescence, trained immunity, cytokine and lipid mediator networks, immunometabolic reprogramming, neuroendocrine regulation, and repurposed drugs including metformin and statins. Importantly, we distinguish between evidence derived directly from TB models (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.