ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Beehive-Derived Products for Wound Management with a Focus on Diabetic Wounds: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Translational Evidence.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that can be severely impaired by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, microbial infection, impaired angiogenesis, and defective extracellular matrix remodelling. These abnormalities are particularly prominent in diabetic wounds but also contribute to delayed healing in burn, venous, pressure, traumatic, and post-surgical wounds. Beehive-derived products, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, beeswax, and bee venom, have attracted considerable interest as multifunctional natural therapeutics because of their diverse antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative activities. Honey supports wound repair through its acidic pH, high osmolarity, hydrogen peroxide generation, and bioactive phytochemicals, whereas propolis provides flavonoids and phenolic compounds that contribute to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tissue-regenerative effects. Royal jelly promotes cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, while beeswax primarily provides moisture retention, barrier protection, and structural properties in wound dressings. Bee venom and its major component, melittin, exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects, although dose-dependent toxicity and hypersensitivity remain important concerns. Recent advances in hydrogels, polymeric films, electrospun nanofibres, nanoparticles, and composite scaffolds have improved the stability, local retention, controlled release, and therapeutic performance of these products. Preclinical studies demonstrate enhanced antimicrobial activity, fibroblast migration, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and wound closure, while emerging clinical evidence supports their potential across several wound types. However, variability in composition, standardisation, safety, formulation stability, and limited large-scale clinical evidence remain major challenges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.