ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Effects of Nut Consumption on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Subgroup Analyses by Nut Fatty-Acid Profile.
Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite their high fat content, nut consumption is suggested to benefit body composition. However, it remains unclear whether nuts with different fatty-acid compositions affect body composition differently. This study aimed to assess the effects of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich nut consumption on body composition.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and additional sources identified 3118 articles, with 154 meeting the inclusion criteria. Subgroup analyses were conducted by nut fatty-acid composition and control diet type. Nuts were classified as MUFA-rich (MUFA:PUFA ratio ≥ 1.3) or PUFA-rich (<1.3) based on the percentages of total fat content.
resultsAlthough there were no effects on body mass, BMI, or waist circumference, nut consumption significantly reduced % fat mass (WMD: -0.28%, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.02) and fat mass (WMD: -0.41 kg, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.27) and increased % lean mass (WMD: 0.71%, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.10). However, absolute lean mass did not change significantly. Benefits were observed only in the MUFA-rich subgroup, although subgroup differences were not significant. Both MUFA- and PUFA-rich nut consumption showed reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while MUFA-rich nut consumption further reduced triglyceride levels.
conclusionNut consumption, particularly MUFA-rich nuts, can improve body composition by percentage fat mass and absolute fat mass. Consuming either MUFA-rich and PUFA-rich nuts can further improve lipid-lipoprotein profiles.
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