Dual-Drug Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Metformin and Cefazolin for Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacteria-Infected Skin Wounds.

Yilin Zhang, Jie Cao, Yong Yan, Zhaoyang Li, Haiqiang Ren, Chenxiong Xu, Chengfang Qiao, Wei Zhou

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yilin ZhangCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Jie CaoCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Yong YanCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Zhaoyang LiCollege of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Haiqiang RenCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Chenxiong XuCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Chengfang QiaoCollege of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China.

Wei ZhouShaanxi Xiangju Pharmaceutical Group Company Limited, Shangluo 726000, China.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22173056the Nature Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi 2025SYS-SYSZD-063.the Open Competition Project of the Qinling Institute of Biological Resources 2025XKJBGS-16the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Xi'an, China 22JCS046 and 23JP045

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial-infected skin wounds, especially those caused by drug-resistant pathogens accompanied by persistent inflammation, remain a major clinical therapeutic challenge. Rising antimicrobial resistance compromises the therapeutic effect of conventional single-agent antibiotics, creating an urgent demand for novel wound therapeutics that integrate bactericidal potency, immunomodulation and tissue regeneration capacity. In this work, an injectable multifunctional chitosan-based hydrogel (C@MC) was developed, which simultaneously incorporates metformin hydrochloride (as a potential antibiotic adjuvant) and cefazolin sodium (as a β-lactam class antibacterial drug). The optimized C@MC possesses interconnected three-dimensional pores with an initial storage modulus of ~0.83 kPa (C@MC

Indexed as

antibiotic synergistcefazolinchitosan hydrogelmetforminwound healing

Identifiers

PMID42929911

DOI10.3390/gels12100876

PMCPMC13704149

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.